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Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
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A blood clot, or thrombus, is a semi-solid mass composed of fibrin, platelets, and red blood cells. When it forms within a vessel, it can obstruct blood flow, known as thrombosis. If part of the clot detaches, it becomes an embolus that can travel and block distant vessels. When this occurs in the pulmonary arteries, it causes a condition known as pulmonary embolism (PE).Origin and ImpactMost often, the embolus originates from a thrombus in the deep veins of the lower limbs, a condition called...
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Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
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Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
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Embolization in neonates and infants.

David J E Lord1, S Murthy Chennapragada

  • 1Pediatric Interventional Radiology, Division of Medical Imaging, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Westmead NSW, Sydney, Australia. davidL5@chw.edu.au

Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology
|February 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neonatal and infant embolization for conditions like hemangioma is challenging due to patient size. This paper details techniques for safely performing these delicate vascular procedures in newborns.

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Area of Science:

  • Interventional Radiology
  • Pediatric Vascular Interventions
  • Neonatal Care

Background:

  • Neonatal and infant patients present unique physiological challenges for embolization procedures.
  • Conditions such as hemangioma, vascular shunts, and tumors require timely intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the specific challenges and techniques for performing embolization in neonates and infants.
  • To illustrate the practical application of embolization in pediatric vascular anomalies and tumors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of embolization techniques adapted for the neonatal and infant population.
  • Discussion of patient-specific considerations including size and physiology.
  • Illustration of procedural steps and equipment utilized.

Main Results:

  • Embolization is a viable treatment option for select neonatal and infant conditions.
  • Specific technical modifications are necessary to ensure safety and efficacy.
  • Successful outcomes depend on careful planning and execution.

Conclusions:

  • Embolization can be performed safely and effectively in neonatal and infant patients.
  • Understanding the unique challenges is crucial for successful outcomes.
  • This paper provides a guide to the techniques involved in pediatric embolization.