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Related Concept Videos

Formation of Lipopolysaccharides01:19

Formation of Lipopolysaccharides

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are crucial components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, serving both structural and functional roles. It contributes to membrane stability and protects bacteria from host immune responses. LPS is composed of three major regions—lipid A, a core oligosaccharide, and an O antigen. The biosynthesis and assembly of LPS involve a highly coordinated set of enzymatic reactions and transport mechanisms. Additionally, LPS is recognized as an endotoxin, triggering...
Oligosaccharide Assembly01:24

Oligosaccharide Assembly

Protein glycosylation starts in the ER lumen and continues in the Golgi apparatus. Glycosyltransferases catalyze the addition of sugar molecules or glycosylation of proteins. Usually, these enzymes add sugars to the hydroxyl groups of selected serine or threonine residues to form O-linked glycans or the amino groups of asparagine residues to form N-linked glycans. Different positions on the same polypeptide chain can contain differently linked glycans.
Multiple sugar molecules that may or may...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Purification and Visualization of Lipopolysaccharide from Gram-negative Bacteria by Hot Aqueous-phenol Extraction
05:31

Purification and Visualization of Lipopolysaccharide from Gram-negative Bacteria by Hot Aqueous-phenol Extraction

Published on: May 28, 2012

Purification of capsular polysaccharide.

Q Yang1, H Jennings

  • 1Institute for Biological Science, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.

Methods in Molecular Medicine
|February 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neisseria meningitidis, a Gram-negative bacterium, is classified into serogroups based on its capsular polysaccharides. Groups A, B, and C are the primary causes of meningococcal meningitis globally.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Purification and Visualization of Lipopolysaccharide from Gram-negative Bacteria by Hot Aqueous-phenol Extraction
05:31

Purification and Visualization of Lipopolysaccharide from Gram-negative Bacteria by Hot Aqueous-phenol Extraction

Published on: May 28, 2012

Separating Bacteria by Capsule Amount Using a Discontinuous Density Gradient
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Opsono-Adherence Assay to Evaluate Functional Antibodies in Vaccine Development Against Bacillus anthracis and Other Encapsulated Pathogens
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Opsono-Adherence Assay to Evaluate Functional Antibodies in Vaccine Development Against Bacillus anthracis and Other Encapsulated Pathogens

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Neisseria meningitidis is an aerobic, Gram-negative diplococcus found in humans.
  • Encapsulated meningococci are frequently isolated from bloodstream or spinal fluid.
  • Capsular polysaccharides determine serological classification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the classification of Neisseria meningitidis based on capsular polysaccharide structure.
  • To highlight the prevalence of specific serogroups in meningococcal disease.

Main Methods:

  • Serological classification based on chemical and immunological specificity of capsular polysaccharides.
  • Elucidation of the structures of repeating units in meningococcal polysaccharides.

Main Results:

  • Neisseria meningitidis is classified into serogroups A, B, C, 29E, H, I, K, L, W135, X, Y, and Z.
  • Serogroups A, B, and C account for approximately 90% of meningococcal meningitis cases.
  • Serogroup B is the predominant cause of meningococcal disease in industrialized nations.

Conclusions:

  • The chemical structures of capsular polysaccharides define Neisseria meningitidis serogroups.
  • Understanding these structures is crucial for epidemiological tracking and vaccine development.
  • Specific serogroups pose a significant public health burden globally.