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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Type I Diabetes I: Introduction01:12

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1 diabetes is an...
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...
Asthma-I: Introduction01:29

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
06:19

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: September 9, 2022

Autoimmunity and environment: am I at risk?

Daniel Smyk1, Eirini I Rigopoulou, Harold Baum

  • 1Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London School of Medicine at King's College Hospital, London, UK. daniel.2.smyk@kcl.ac.uk

Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
|February 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Environmental factors and genetic susceptibility are key to autoimmune diseases. Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) serves as a model to understand how these elements interact, offering insights into disease development.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
06:19

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: September 9, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Environmental Health
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Autoimmune diseases arise from a complex interplay between genetic predisposition and environmental triggers.
  • Numerous environmental factors, including infectious and non-infectious agents, are implicated in the induction and progression of autoimmunity.
  • Understanding these interactions is crucial for deciphering disease pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) as a model for studying environmental risk factors in autoimmunity.
  • To explore how environmental agents interact with genetic susceptibility in disease development.
  • To provide insights into the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases using PBC as a case study.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical, genomic, epidemiological, and animal model studies.
  • Focus on primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) as a representative autoimmune disease.
  • Analysis of identified infectious and non-infectious environmental risk factors in PBC.

Main Results:

  • Environmental factors and genetic susceptibility are critical in autoimmune disease pathogenesis.
  • PBC exemplifies the combined influence of environmental exposures and genetic background.
  • Identified risk factors in PBC offer a framework for understanding broader autoimmune disease mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a valuable model for investigating environmental influences on autoimmune diseases.
  • The study of PBC contributes to unraveling the complex pathogenesis of autoimmune conditions.
  • Further research into environmental-genetic interactions is essential for developing effective strategies against autoimmunity.