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Related Concept Videos

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...
Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management01:26

Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management

IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document any history...
Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
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Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses two major chronic disorders—ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease—each characterized by relapsing episodes of gastrointestinal inflammation. Although they share certain clinical features, their patterns of involvement and manifestations differ in ways that aid diagnosis and guide management.Ulcerative ColitisUlcerative colitis is limited to the colon and rectum and involves continuous inflammation of the mucosal layer. The disease course is marked...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
04:44

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Published on: June 16, 2020

Juvenile scleroderma: experience in one institution.

Chia-Yi Lo1, Shyh-Dar Shyur, Szu-Hung Chu

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.

Asian Pacific Journal of Allergy and Immunology
|February 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric scleroderma, though rare, shows a better prognosis for systemic (SSc) and localized (LS) forms than in adults. Localized scleroderma typically has a benign outcome, with skin lesions improving over time.

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Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
04:44

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Published on: June 16, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Pediatrics
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Scleroderma is a rare chronic connective tissue disease affecting children, characterized by skin hardening and potential organ involvement.
  • Systemic scleroderma (SSc) and localized scleroderma (LS) are distinct forms with varying prognoses in pediatric patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To retrospectively analyze the clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of pediatric patients diagnosed with scleroderma.
  • To compare the prognoses of systemic scleroderma (SSc) and localized scleroderma (LS) in a pediatric cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 23 pediatric patients diagnosed with SSc or LS between March 1993 and September 2009.
  • Diagnosis based on American College of Rheumatology criteria and clinical presentation; data included demographics, history, and treatment outcomes.

Main Results:

  • The study included 3 patients with SSc and 20 with LS, predominantly girls.
  • Antinuclear antibodies were positive in 15 patients; one SSc patient tested positive for anti-Scl-70 antibodies.
  • Most patients received D-penicillamine; all with LS showed skin lesion softening, while SSc prognosis was poorer.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric scleroderma, while uncommon, has a better prognosis than adult forms, particularly for localized scleroderma.
  • Localized scleroderma generally follows a benign course with eventual skin improvement, though it can be progressive.
  • No cases of localized scleroderma progressing to systemic scleroderma were observed in this cohort.