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Related Concept Videos

Morphogenesis02:19

Morphogenesis

Plant morphogenesis—the development of a plant’s form and structure—involves several overlapping developmental processes, including growth and cell differentiation. Precursor cells differentiate into specific cell types, which are organized into the tissues and organ systems that make up the functional plant.
Cell Migration01:19

Cell Migration

Cell migration is a process by which the cells move from one location to another, playing an essential role in embryological development, repair and regeneration, immune response, and metastasis. Cells migrate in response to chemical or mechanical signals generated by specific organs or tissues. The overall mechanism includes three steps - polarization, protrusion, and release. Polarization involves the formation of a distinct cell front and rear, which determines the direction of movement.
Cell Migration01:09

Cell Migration

Cell migration, the process by which cells move from one location to another, is essential for the proper development and viability of organisms throughout their life. When cells are not able to migrate properly to their ordained locations, various disorders may occur. For example, disruption in cell migration causes chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.
TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...
Cell Polarization by Rho Proteins01:21

Cell Polarization by Rho Proteins

Cell polarity is the asymmetric distribution of cellular and membrane components, making one side of the cell different from the other. This polarity is essential to many processes such as embryogenesis, axon migration, glucose transport across epithelial cells, and directional cell migration. A migrating cell responds to intracellular or extracellular signals via molecular cascades that reorganize the actin cytoskeleton to establish this polarity. In these cells, the Rho family proteins Cdc42,...
Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses01:22

Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses

The physiological function of a cell and cellular communication are outcomes of a range of extrinsic signals, intracellular signaling pathways, and cellular responses. No two cell types express the same repertoire of signaling components. Receptors are highly selective for their cognate ligands, but once activated, they can alter multiple cellular processes such as DNA transcription, protein synthesis, and metabolic activity. 
Graded and Abrupt Responses
Some signaling systems generate...

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Using Confocal Analysis of Xenopus laevis to Investigate Modulators of Wnt and Shh Morphogen Gradients
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Published on: December 14, 2015

Repair responses to abnormalities in morphogen activity gradient.

Masahiko Takemura1, Takashi Adachi-Yamada

  • 1Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.

Development, Growth & Differentiation
|February 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Disruptions in morphogen gradients during development trigger programmed cell death (apoptosis) in Drosophila wing discs. This review explores the molecular mechanisms behind this "morphogenetic apoptosis," crucial for restoring developmental signals.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Morphogen gradients are essential for organ development and patterning.
  • Aberrant morphogen signaling in somatic mutant clones disrupts these gradients.
  • Discontinuities trigger a self-correcting mechanism involving programmed cell death.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular mechanisms underlying "morphogenetic apoptosis" in Drosophila wing discs.
  • To discuss both cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous apoptosis.
  • To highlight recent findings on related cellular events.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on morphogenetic apoptosis.
  • Analysis of molecular pathways involved in cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous apoptosis.
  • Comparison with similar cellular events in developmental contexts.

Main Results:

  • Morphogenetic apoptosis can occur through cell-autonomous or non-cell-autonomous pathways.
  • Specific molecular mechanisms for each pathway are proposed.
  • Similar cellular events in other developmental contexts are identified.

Conclusions:

  • Morphogenetic apoptosis is a critical mechanism for maintaining tissue homeostasis and proper organ development.
  • Understanding these pathways provides insights into developmental robustness.
  • Further research can elucidate conserved mechanisms across species.