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Bacillus subtilis-based direct-fed microbials augment macrophage function in broiler chickens.

Kyung-Woo Lee1, Guangxing Li, Hyun S Lillehoj

  • 1Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.

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|February 23, 2011
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Bacillus subtilis direct-fed microbials (DFMs) enhance innate immunity in broiler chickens by boosting nitric oxide (NO) production and macrophage phagocytosis. These findings highlight DFMs as potential feed additives for improving poultry health.

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Area of Science:

  • Poultry immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Animal nutrition

Background:

  • Direct-fed microbials (DFMs) are feed additives used to improve animal health.
  • Bacillus subtilis strains are known for their potential probiotic properties.
  • Understanding the immunomodulatory effects of DFMs in broiler chickens is crucial for optimizing poultry production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of specific Bacillus subtilis-based DFMs on macrophage functions in broiler chickens.
  • To assess the effects of DFMs on nitric oxide (NO) production and phagocytosis.
  • To identify specific DFM strains with significant immunomodulatory effects.

Main Methods:

  • Broiler chickens were fed diets supplemented with eight single Bacillus subtilis strains or a multi-strain DFM product.
  • Nitric oxide (NO) concentrations were measured in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived macrophages.
  • Phagocytosis assays were performed using fluorescent beads and Salmonella.
  • Macrophages were stimulated with chicken recombinant interferon gamma (IFNγ) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Main Results:

  • Plasma NO levels were significantly elevated in chickens fed 3AP4 or Bs27 DFM diets.
  • DFM supplementation generally enhanced NO production by PBMC-derived macrophages, with strain-dependent variations.
  • Phagocytosis of fluorescent beads and Salmonella by macrophages was significantly improved in DFM-fed groups compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • Bacillus subtilis-based DFMs modulate innate immune responses in broiler chickens.
  • Specific DFM strains can enhance NO production and phagocytic activity in macrophages.
  • DFMs show potential as effective feed additives for improving the immune status of broiler chickens.