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Patch Clamp01:18

Patch Clamp

Many fundamental cell functions such as muscle contraction and nerve transmission rely on the electrical signals produced by the movement of positively and negatively charged ions across the cell membrane. One competent method to record current flowing across the whole cell or single ion channel is the patch-clamp technique.
In this method, a glass micropipette containing electrolyte solution is tightly sealed against a small portion of the cell membrane. As a result, a patch of the cell...

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Related Experiment Video

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Potentiodynamic Corrosion Testing
08:43

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Published on: September 4, 2016

Metal patch test results from 1990-2009.

Hiromitsu Nonaka1, Tokio Nakada, Masafumi Iijima

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

The Journal of Dermatology
|February 24, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nickel remains the most frequent metal allergen in Japan, with significantly higher reactions observed in women compared to men. Mercury sensitivity has notably decreased over the past two decades.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Allergology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Metal contact dermatitis is a common allergic reaction with varied clinical presentations.
  • While historically significant, cases like gold dermatitis and baboon syndrome have become less frequent in Japan.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate clinical findings and determine the frequency of metal allergy in Japan.
  • To analyze trends in metal allergy over a 19-year period (1990-2009).

Main Methods:

  • Patch testing with 18 metals was conducted on 931 patients.
  • Results were assessed using the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group (ICDRG) scoring system.
  • Statistical analysis (chi-squared test) was used to compare positive rates between sexes and time periods.

Main Results:

  • Nickel sulfate was the most common allergen (27.2%), with women showing significantly higher reactivity.
  • Increased sensitivity to mercuric chloride and gold chloride was observed in women compared to men.
  • Reactions to palladium chloride, mercuric chloride, and gold chloride were significantly higher in the 1990s compared to the 2000s.

Conclusions:

  • Nickel is the predominant metal allergen in Japan.
  • A decrease in mercury sensitivity over 19 years was observed.
  • Sex and time period influence metal allergy prevalence and specific metal sensitivities.