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Silica nanoconstruct cellular toleration threshold in vitro.

Heather L Herd1, Alexander Malugin, Hamidreza Ghandehari

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, 20 South 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.

Journal of Controlled Release : Official Journal of the Controlled Release Society
|February 24, 2011
PubMed
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Silica nanomaterial geometry did not significantly impact cellular uptake or toxicity in this study. A concentration threshold of approximately 100 microg/mL was identified, below which nanoparticles showed minimal effects on cells.

Area of Science:

  • Nanomaterials Science
  • Cell Biology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Silica nanomaterials are increasingly used in nanomedicine.
  • Understanding their interaction with biological systems is crucial for safe application.
  • The role of nanomaterial geometry in cellular responses requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of silica nanomaterial geometry on cellular uptake and toxicity.
  • To compare the effects of spheres, worms, and cylinders on epithelial and phagocytic cells.
  • To identify potential mechanisms of cellular response to nanomaterial accumulation.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of amine-terminated silica nanomaterials (spheres, worms, cylinders) using the modified Stober method.

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  • Assessment of cellular uptake and toxicity (membrane integrity, mitochondrial function, cell death) in epithelial and phagocytic cells.
  • Microscopy (confocal, transmission electron) and biochemical analyses (Western Blot) to study intracellular events.

    • Main Results:

    • Nanomaterial geometry did not appear to be a dominant factor in cellular uptake or toxicity for the studied types and sizes.
    • A concentration threshold of approximately 100 microg/mL was observed, below which minimal cellular impact occurred.
    • All tested nanomaterials were internalized by both cell types, with higher uptake in phagocytic cells.
    • Evidence suggests involvement of lysosomal escape, autophagy, and recycling in cellular response to internalized nanomaterials.

    Conclusions:

    • Cellular response to silica nanomaterials is primarily dependent on concentration rather than geometry within the tested parameters.
    • Concentration thresholds are critical for determining nanoparticle toxicity.
    • Cellular processes like autophagy and lysosomal activity may play roles in managing intracellular nanoparticle accumulation.
    • Findings support the potential for designing safer silica-based nanoparticles for nanomedicine by manipulating physicochemical properties.