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An oral lipid challenge and acute intake of caffeinated coffee additively decrease glucose tolerance in healthy men.

Marie-Soleil Beaudoin1, Lindsay E Robinson, Terry E Graham

  • 1Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.

The Journal of Nutrition
|February 25, 2011
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Oral lipids and caffeinated coffee worsen glucose tolerance. This study investigated their combined effects on glucose homeostasis and incretin responses in healthy males, finding additive impairments.

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Area of Science:

  • Metabolism and Endocrinology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Insulin resistance is often studied using intravenous infusions, but the effects of oral consumption of lipids and caffeine remain unclear.
  • Simultaneous investigation of oral lipid and coffee consumption on glucose homeostasis has not been previously reported.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if oral lipid challenge and caffeinated coffee disrupt glucose homeostasis.
  • To characterize the incretin hormone responses to oral lipids and coffee.
  • To investigate the independent and combined effects of oral lipids and caffeinated coffee on glucose tolerance.

Main Methods:

  • Ten healthy males participated in a randomized, cross-over study with 5 trials.
  • Participants underwent an oral fat tolerance test (OFTT) or consumed water, followed 5 hours later by caffeinated coffee, decaffeinated coffee, or water.
  • An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was administered 6 hours after the initial challenge.

Main Results:

  • Oral fat tolerance test (OFTT) consumption increased glucose concentrations during a subsequent oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).
  • Caffeinated coffee consumption resulted in the highest glucose concentrations.
  • Both caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee increased glucagon-like peptide-1 active (GLP-1a) levels, while only caffeinated coffee elevated glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) secretion.

Conclusions:

  • Oral lipids and caffeinated coffee independently decrease glucose tolerance.
  • The effects of oral lipids and caffeinated coffee on glucose tolerance are additive.
  • Incretin hormones (GLP-1a and GIP) may partially explain the impaired glucose homeostasis observed.