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[Non-specific immunosuppressive effect induced by A. actinomycetemcomitans].

K Ochiai1, T Kurita, Y Kamino

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Japan.

Nichidai Koku Kagaku = Nihon University Journal of Oral Science
|September 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Soluble sonic extracts from periodontopathic bacteria suppress the secondary immune response. This suggests long-term Actinobacillus infection can cause immune system aberrations, leading to opportunistic infections in periodontal disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Periodontology

Background:

  • Periodontopathic bacteria's pathogenicity is linked to immunosuppression and periodontal disease development.
  • Soluble sonic extracts (SE) from A. actinomycetemcomitans and B. intermedius suppress primary immune responses.
  • SE from A. actinomycetemcomitans inhibits IgM-IgG isotype switching.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of soluble sonic extracts (SE) from A. actinomycetemcomitans on the secondary immune response.

Main Methods:

  • Mice (C3H/HeN) were immunized with SRBC and CFA, with a secondary SRBC injection after 30 days.
  • Mice received SE intravenously before primary immunization or at different times relative to the secondary injection (pre-, post-, simultaneous).
  • Hemolytic plaque assays were used to quantify anti-SRBC plaque-forming cells in each immunoglobulin class and IgG subclass.

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Main Results:

  • Immunosuppressive effects were observed in all examined groups.
  • SE from A. actinomycetemcomitans demonstrated immunosuppression on the secondary immune response.

Conclusions:

  • Periodontopathic bacteria possess significant adjuvant activity.
  • Long-term Actinobacillus infection and fluctuating oral flora may lead to immune system aberrations.
  • A suppressed immune system can explain bacterial overgrowth and opportunistic infections in periodontal disease.