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Antibodies as a source of analytical errors.

K P Kohse1, H Wisser

  • 1Abteilung für Klinische Chemie, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus Stuttgart.

Journal of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry. Zeitschrift Fur Klinische Chemie Und Klinische Biochemie
|December 1, 1990
PubMed
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Antibodies can interfere with clinical chemical analyses, affecting results for blood counts, enzymes, and hormones. Recognizing and avoiding these interferences is crucial for accurate patient diagnosis and treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Clinical chemistry
  • Immunology
  • Laboratory medicine

Background:

  • Autoantibodies and antibodies to foreign antigens can cause significant interference in clinical chemical analyses.
  • These interferences can lead to inaccurate diagnostic results, impacting patient care.
  • Understanding the nature and prevalence of these disturbances is essential for laboratory professionals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the various types of antibody-mediated interference in clinical chemistry.
  • To discuss the mechanisms, detection, and clinical consequences of these interferences.
  • To outline methods for avoiding or mitigating antibody interference in laboratory testing.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on antibody interference in clinical chemistry.

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  • Discussion of specific examples of interference in hematological parameters, enzyme assays, and immunoassays.
  • Analysis of methods for detecting and preventing interference.

    • Main Results:

    • Interference is documented in erythrocyte counts (cold agglutinins), leukocyte counts (cryoglobulins), and platelet counts (EDTA-induced agglutination).
    • Enzyme assays (e.g., amylase, creatine kinase) can be affected by macro-complexes.
    • Immunoassays for hormones and tumor markers are susceptible to autoantibodies and heterophilic antibodies, with thyroid hormone assays being particularly method-dependent.

    Conclusions:

    • Antibody interference is a common and clinically significant issue in various laboratory analyses.
    • Recognition and appropriate management strategies are vital to ensure the accuracy of diagnostic testing.
    • Further research and method development are needed to minimize the impact of these interferences.