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Related Experiment Videos

A high density component in several vertebrate enteroviruses.

D J Rowlands, M W Shirley, D V Sangar

    The Journal of General Virology
    |November 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers discovered two forms of enteroviruses, a light and a heavy component, with distinct densities and sizes. The light component shows higher infectivity and antibody response, suggesting different roles in viral infection.

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    Area of Science:

    • Virology
    • Molecular Biology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Enteroviruses, including poliovirus, Coxsackie B5, bovine enterovirus, and swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV), are significant human and animal pathogens.
    • Previous studies have characterized the primary infective viral particles, but the existence and properties of minor, potentially less infectious, components have been less explored.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the presence and characteristics of a minor viral component alongside the major infective particle in various enterovirus harvests.
    • To compare the physical, biochemical, and biological properties of the light and heavy viral components.

    Main Methods:

    • Equilibration density gradient centrifugation in cesium chloride to separate viral components.
    • Morphological analysis using electron microscopy to determine particle size.

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  • Biochemical analysis to assess RNA, protein content, and polypeptide composition.
  • Infectivity assays and antibody production studies in guinea pigs.

    • Main Results:

    • Two distinct viral components were identified: a major light component (1.34 g/ml) and a minor heavy component (1.44 g/ml) in multiple enteroviruses.
    • The heavy component exhibited a smaller diameter (28 nm) compared to the light component (30 nm), with similar RNA, protein, and polypeptide profiles.
    • The light component demonstrated approximately fourfold higher specific infectivity and was significantly more immunogenic, eliciting a stronger neutralizing antibody response.

    Conclusions:

    • The study identified two stable configurations of enteroviruses, a light infective form and a heavier, less infectious form.
    • These findings suggest that the light component is the primary driver of infectivity and immune response, while the heavy component may represent an alternative stable viral particle.
    • Despite differing infectivity, no significant differences were found in polypeptide composition or iodination patterns, indicating subtle structural or conformational variations.