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Related Concept Videos

Labeling DNA Probes03:31

Labeling DNA Probes

DNA probes are fragments of DNA labeled with a reporter tag to enable their detection or purification. The resulting labeled DNA probes can then hybridize to target nucleic acid sequences through complementary base-pairing, and may be used to recover or identify these regions.
Radioisotopes, fluorophores, or small molecule binding partners like biotin or digoxigenin, are the most widely used reporter tags for labeling DNA probes. These labels can be attached to the probe DNA molecule via...
Mechanism of Conjugation01:19

Mechanism of Conjugation

Bacterial conjugation is a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer that enables the exchange of genetic material between bacterial cells through direct contact. This process is facilitated by a donor cell carrying a conjugative plasmid, which encodes genes necessary for pilus formation, DNA replication, and transfer. The conjugative plasmid plays a central role in initiating and executing the transfer of genetic material.The tra region of the conjugative plasmid encodes proteins responsible for...
Tagging and Fusion Proteins01:24

Tagging and Fusion Proteins

Proteins are involved in several cellular processes and biochemical reactions. Analyzing a specific protein of interest requires it to be isolated from the other proteins in the cell. This is achieved by overexpressing the specific gene in a suitable host to produce large quantities of the target protein. A tag or label is recombined with the gene to produce a fusion protein containing the target protein and the tag. The tags on these fusion proteins can then be used for easy detection and...
In-situ Hybridization02:31

In-situ Hybridization

In situ hybridization (ISH) is a technique used to detect and localize specific DNA or RNA molecules in cells, tissue, or tissue sections using a labeled probe. The technique was first used in 1969 for the investigation of nucleic acids. It is currently an essential tool in scientific research and clinical settings, especially for diagnostic purposes.
Types of probes and labels
A probe is a complementary strand of DNA or RNA that binds to corresponding nucleotide sequences in a cell. Many...
Southern Blot02:57

Southern Blot

Agarose gel electrophoresis is very useful in separating DNA fragments by size. Running a DNA ladder containing fragments of the known length alongside the sample helps determine the approximate length of the sample DNA fragments. However, additional steps are needed to verify the sequence identity of the sample DNA fragments.
Denatured DNA fragments must be transferred onto a carrier membrane from the gel to make it accessible to a probe - a small ssDNA fragment complementary to the target DNA...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Sequence-specific Labeling of Nucleic Acids and Proteins with Methyltransferases and Cofactor Analogues
12:07

Sequence-specific Labeling of Nucleic Acids and Proteins with Methyltransferases and Cofactor Analogues

Published on: November 22, 2014

RNA labeling, conjugation and ligation.

Eduardo Paredes1, Molly Evans, Subha R Das

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.

Methods (San Diego, Calif.)
|March 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Precise modification of RNA using site-specific labels and conjugates is crucial for advancing RNA nanotechnology. These techniques enhance understanding of RNA structure, function, visualization, and biodistribution for broader applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Advancing RNA nanotechnology requires precise control over RNA manipulation, structural probing, and functional engineering.
  • Understanding RNA structure and function is enhanced by methods for incorporating site-specific labels and conjugating molecules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current methodologies for site-specific labeling and conjugation of RNA.
  • To highlight the importance of these modifications for RNA research and applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of synthetic chemistry, enzymatic incorporation, and conjugation chemistries for RNA modification.
  • Discussion of direct and indirect post-synthetic labeling strategies.

Main Results:

  • Various modifications are possible, including isotopic labels, fluorescent probes, and conjugates (protein, lipid, glycoside, nucleic acid).
  • These modifications enable visualization, structural elucidation, localization, and biodistribution studies of RNA.

Conclusions:

  • Site-specific labeling and conjugation are essential tools for advancing RNA nanotechnology.
  • Modified RNA facilitates deeper investigation into RNA structure, function, and in vivo behavior.