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Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
06:35

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

Memory for multiple visual ensembles in infancy.

Jennifer M Zosh1, Justin Halberda, Lisa Feigenson

  • 1Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, Brandywine, Media, PA, 19063 USA. jzosh@psu.edu

Journal of Experimental Psychology. General
|March 2, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Infants can represent summary information about groups of items, known as ensembles. Nine-month-olds can track up to three ensembles simultaneously, similar to adults, suggesting ensembles function like individual objects in working memory.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Development
  • Infant Perception
  • Working Memory

Background:

  • Working memory capacity is limited for individual items.
  • Ensemble representations provide summary information for large sets of items.
  • Understanding the developmental origins of ensemble representations is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether 9-month-old infants can form ensemble representations.
  • To determine the quantity of ensembles infants can process simultaneously.
  • To explore the nature of infant ensemble representations (numerical vs. surface area).

Main Methods:

  • Habituation paradigm with 9-month-old infants.
  • Arrays of dots presented in 2, 3, or 4 subsets.
  • Testing detection of numerical changes to subsets and the superset.
  • Assessing representation of approximate number and cumulative surface area.

Main Results:

  • Infants detected numerical changes in 1 subset when 2 subsets were present, but not with 3 or 4.
  • Infants detected changes to the total set of dots regardless of subset number.
  • Infants represented both approximate number and cumulative surface area of ensembles.

Conclusions:

  • Nine-month-old infants can represent quantitative information about 3 ensembles (2 subsets + 1 superset).
  • This capacity aligns with the known limit for individual items in working memory.
  • Ensemble representations appear to function analogously to individual objects in working memory throughout development.