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Related Concept Videos

Adsorption Isotherms II01:25

Adsorption Isotherms II

Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) introduced a theory in 1938 that modified Langmuir's assumptions to explain multilayer physical adsorption. This theory is applicable to Type II isotherms and provides a more realistic picture of adsorption processes. The BET theory assumes a uniform solid surface with localized adsorption sites, where adsorption at one site doesn't affect adsorption at neighboring sites. This theory also allows for the possibility of additional molecules being adsorbed on top...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Determination of the Excitation and Coupling Rates Between Light Emitters and Surface Plasmon Polaritons
07:39

Determination of the Excitation and Coupling Rates Between Light Emitters and Surface Plasmon Polaritons

Published on: July 21, 2018

Multiple plasmon excitations in adsorbed two-dimensional systems.

H Pfnür1, T Langer, J Baringhaus

  • 1Institut für Festkörperphysik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|March 2, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers discovered two distinct energy losses in two-dimensional (2D) electron gas using graphene. This finding, observed across various substrates, reveals a novel multipole sheet plasmon excitation in 2D electron systems.

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Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

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07:39

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Published on: July 21, 2018

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Optical Trapping of Plasmonic Nanoparticles for In Situ Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Characterizations

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Graphene serves as an ideal model for studying two-dimensional (2D) electron gases.
  • Understanding electron behavior in 2D systems is crucial for next-generation electronics.
  • Plasmon excitations are fundamental to the electronic properties of materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the electronic excitations in monolayer graphene using high-resolution electron spectroscopy.
  • To identify and characterize novel plasmonic excitations in a 2D electron gas.
  • To determine the substrate independence of these excitations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing energy electron loss spectroscopy (EELS) with high energy and momentum resolution.
  • Experimenting with monolayer graphene on different substrates: 6H-SiC(0001) and Ir(111) (with and without Na intercalation).
  • Analyzing the dispersion curves of observed energy losses.

Main Results:

  • Observed the excitation of two distinct dispersing energy losses in the 2D electron gas of graphene.
  • Confirmed that the appearance of both losses is independent of the substrate.
  • Identified a lower dispersion curve attributable to the sheet plasmon and a novel upper dispersion branch tentatively assigned to a multipole sheet plasmon.

Conclusions:

  • Monolayer graphene exhibits complex plasmonic behavior beyond the single sheet plasmon.
  • A previously unidentified upper dispersion branch suggests the excitation of a multipole sheet plasmon.
  • The substrate-independent nature of these excitations highlights their intrinsic 2D character.