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Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...

Urinary Bladder

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The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
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Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Mouse Model of Surgical Uterine Injury and Subsequent Pregnancy Outcomes

Mouse Model of Surgical Uterine Injury and Subsequent Pregnancy Outcomes

Published on: June 27, 2025

[Placenta previa percreta with bladder involvement managed conservatively--case report].

Grzegorz H Breborowicz¹, Wiesław Markwitz, Mariola Ropacka-Lesiak

¹Klinika Perinatologii i Ginekologii, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Poznaniu. gbrebor@gpsk.am.poznan.pl

Ginekologia Polska

|March 4, 2011

Summary

Placenta percreta invading pelvic organs is life-threatening. This case highlights conservative management, cesarean delivery, methotrexate, and delayed transvaginal placenta removal for a successful outcome.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Mouse Model of Surgical Uterine Injury and Subsequent Pregnancy Outcomes

Mouse Model of Surgical Uterine Injury and Subsequent Pregnancy Outcomes

Published on: June 27, 2025

Area of Science:

Obstetrics and Gynecology
Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Background:

Placenta percreta, characterized by placental invasion into pelvic organs, presents significant maternal and fetal risks.
Vesicouterine fistula formation is a rare but severe complication associated with placenta percreta.

Observation:

A 33-year-old patient with placenta previa and percreta experienced bladder invasion, resulting in a giant vesicouterine fistula.
Conservative management was initiated until 33 weeks of gestation.

Findings:

A classical cesarean section was performed at 33 weeks gestation.
Postoperative treatment included methotrexate, and the placenta was intentionally left in situ.
The retained placenta was successfully removed transvaginally 11 weeks postpartum.

Implications:

This case demonstrates a successful multidisciplinary approach to managing complex placenta percreta with bladder invasion.
Delayed transvaginal placenta removal can be a viable option in select cases, potentially reducing surgical morbidity.
Conservative management strategies combined with targeted medical and surgical interventions offer hope for managing this high-risk obstetric condition.