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Related Concept Videos

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)01:15

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT) is an advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique specifically designed to detect and enhance the signals of low-abundance nuclei, such as carbon-13 and nitrogen-15, in small molecules. The fundamental principle behind INEPT is the transfer of polarization from a more abundant and highly polarizable nucleus, typically hydrogen-1, to the low-abundance nucleus of interest. This process effectively boosts the NMR signal of the...
¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
Proton (¹H) NMR: Chemical Shift01:07

Proton (¹H) NMR: Chemical Shift

Organic molecules primarily contain carbon and hydrogen atoms. While all the hydrogen isotopes are NMR-active, protium or hydrogen-1 is the most abundant. It has a significant energy separation between its nuclear spin states due to its large gyromagnetic ratio. As per Boltzmann's distribution, an increase in the energy separation implies a greater excess population of nuclei available for excitation, resulting in a strong NMR absorption signal.
Absorption signals of all the protium nuclei in a...
Carbon-13 (¹³C) NMR: Overview01:10

Carbon-13 (¹³C) NMR: Overview

Carbon-13 is a naturally occurring NMR-active isotope of carbon with a low natural abundance of 1.1%. In contrast, carbon-12 is the most abundant isotope of carbon with zero nuclear spin. Therefore, it is NMR inactive. The gyromagnetic ratio of carbon-13 is smaller than that of protons. As a result, carbon-13 resonance is about 6000 times weaker than proton resonance. For a given magnetic field strength, the resonance frequency of carbon-13 is about one-fourth of the resonance frequency for...
Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging
11:43

Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging

Published on: December 30, 2016

A hydrogen peroxide-responsive hyperpolarized 13C MRI contrast agent.

Alexander R Lippert1, Kayvan R Keshari, John Kurhanewicz

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|March 4, 2011
PubMed
Summary

We developed a new method to detect hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) using hyperpolarized carbon-13 (13C) MRI. This technique uses a responsive agent to visualize H2O2 levels non-invasively in preclinical studies.

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Published on: September 13, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Imaging
  • Chemical Biology
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a key reactive oxygen species involved in various biological processes.
  • Accurate detection and imaging of H2O2 are crucial for understanding its role in health and disease.
  • Current methods for H2O2 detection have limitations in sensitivity, specificity, or non-invasive applicability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel reaction-based approach for detecting hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
  • To utilize hyperpolarized carbon-13 (13C) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for H2O2 visualization.
  • To establish a non-invasive imaging methodology for monitoring H2O2 in biological systems.

Main Methods:

  • Employing a reaction-based strategy involving the H2O2-mediated oxidation of α-ketoacids to carboxylic acids.
  • Utilizing (13)C-Benzoylformic acid as a selective probe that reacts with H2O2 to form (13)C-benzoic acid.
  • Leveraging dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) to hyperpolarize the (13)C-labeled precursor for enhanced MRI signal.
  • Implementing frequency-specific imaging sequences for dual-frequency detection of H2O2.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated selective reaction of (13)C-Benzoylformic acid with H2O2 over other reactive oxygen species.
  • Successfully generated hyperpolarized (13)C-benzoic acid, enabling sensitive detection.
  • Acquired phantom images showcasing the responsive contrast agent's efficacy in monitoring H2O2.
  • Validated the method's performance at pre-clinical magnetic field strengths.

Conclusions:

  • The developed reaction-based approach combined with hyperpolarized (13)C MRI offers a powerful new tool for H2O2 detection.
  • This methodology enables non-invasive monitoring of H2O2 levels in biological systems.
  • The findings pave the way for advanced multi-analyte imaging in living organisms.