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Related Concept Videos

Divergence and Curl of Electric Field01:25

Divergence and Curl of Electric Field

The divergence of a vector is a measure of how much the vector spreads out (diverges) from a point. For example, an electric field vector diverges from the positive charge and converges at the negative charge. The divergence of an electric field is derived using Gauss's law and is equal to the charge density divided by the permittivity of space. Mathematically, it is expressed as
Region of Convergence of Laplace Tarnsform01:20

Region of Convergence of Laplace Tarnsform

The Region of Convergence (ROC) is a fundamental concept in signal processing and system analysis, particularly associated with the Laplace transform. The ROC represents an area in the complex plane where the Laplace transform of a given signal converges, determining the transform's applicability and utility.
Consider a decaying exponential signal that begins at a specific time. When deriving its Laplace transform, the time-domain variable is replaced with a complex variable. This substitution...
Divergence and Curl of Magnetic Field01:26

Divergence and Curl of Magnetic Field

The magnetic field due to a volume current distribution given by the Biot–Savart Law can be expressed as follows:
Differential Form of Maxwell's Equations01:17

Differential Form of Maxwell's Equations

James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879) was one of the significant contributors to physics in the nineteenth century. He is probably best known for having combined existing knowledge of the laws of electricity and the laws of magnetism with his insights to form a complete overarching electromagnetic theory, represented by Maxwell's equations. The four basic laws of electricity and magnetism were discovered experimentally through the work of physicists such as Oersted, Coulomb, Gauss, and Faraday.
Symmetry in Maxwell's Equations01:28

Symmetry in Maxwell's Equations

Once the fields have been calculated using Maxwell's four equations, the Lorentz force equation gives the force that the fields exert on a charged particle moving with a certain velocity. The Lorentz force equation combines the force of the electric field and of the magnetic field on the moving charge. Maxwell's equations and the Lorentz force law together encompass all the laws of electricity and magnetism. The symmetry that Maxwell introduced into his mathematical framework may not be...
Divergence and Stokes' Theorems01:06

Divergence and Stokes' Theorems

The divergence and Stokes' theorems are a variation of Green's theorem in a higher dimension. They are also a generalization of the fundamental theorem of calculus. The divergence theorem and Stokes' theorem are in a way similar to each other; The divergence theorem relates to the dot product of a vector, while Stokes' theorem relates to the curl of a vector. Many applications in physics and engineering make use of the divergence and Stokes' theorems, enabling us to write numerous physical laws...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Detection of Architectural Distortion in Prior Mammograms via Analysis of Oriented Patterns
13:44

Detection of Architectural Distortion in Prior Mammograms via Analysis of Oriented Patterns

Published on: August 30, 2013

Solving the Helmholtz equation in conformal mapped ARROW structures using homotopy perturbation method.

Kasper Reck1, Erik V Thomsen, Ole Hansen

  • 1Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark, Building 345E, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. kasper.reck@nanotech.dtu.dk

Optics Express
|March 4, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study presents an analytical method to solve the Helmholtz equation in complex geometries. The approach uses conformal mapping and the homotopy perturbation method, offering a mesh-independent solution.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Detection of Architectural Distortion in Prior Mammograms via Analysis of Oriented Patterns
13:44

Detection of Architectural Distortion in Prior Mammograms via Analysis of Oriented Patterns

Published on: August 30, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Electromagnetism
  • Mathematical Physics

Background:

  • The Helmholtz equation approximates electromagnetic field distribution in various systems.
  • Solving this equation in complex geometries poses significant challenges for traditional numerical methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an analytical method for solving the Helmholtz equation in complex geometries.
  • To provide a mesh-independent solution that complements existing numerical techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Conformal mapping to transform complex geometries into simpler ones.
  • Homotopy perturbation method to solve the transformed Helmholtz equation.
  • Utilizing 2D Fourier series to solve an infinite series of Poisson equations.

Main Results:

  • An entirely analytical, mesh-independent solution for the Helmholtz equation in complex geometries.
  • Demonstration of the method's efficacy through comparison with finite element method (FEM) results.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed analytical method offers a viable and accurate alternative for solving the Helmholtz equation.
  • This technique is particularly advantageous for complex geometries where mesh generation is difficult.