Fabrication and implantation of gel-filled nerve guidance channels

In human adults, the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is capable of healing and regeneration. In order to reestablish function, nerve tissue must heal by true regeneration of a functional structure, since healing by simple scar will not reestablish electrical connectivity. Nerve guidance systems have been used experimentally to enhance regeneration through the use of functionalized gels, the delivery of growth-promoting molecules, and the use of neuronal support cells or genetically engineered cells. The objectives of this chapter are to overview the methods used to construct gels for nerve stimulating regeneration and to outline the surgical techniques to implant nerve guidance systems.