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Smoking and diabetes.

I Mühlhauser1

  • 1Department of Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, WHO Collaborating Center for Diabetes, Heinrich-Heine University of Düsseldorf, FRG.

Diabetic Medicine : a Journal of the British Diabetic Association
|January 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Smoking is a significant cardiovascular risk for diabetic patients, similar to the general population. Quitting smoking is presumed beneficial for diabetics, though programs to aid cessation are lacking and unsuccessful.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Smoking prevalence in diabetic patients mirrors the general population.
  • Smoking is a major cardiovascular risk factor, irrespective of diabetes status.
  • Specific risks for diabetic patients include macroproteinuric nephropathy and potentially retinopathy, connective tissue changes, and neuropathy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of smoking as a cardiovascular risk factor in diabetic patients.
  • To highlight specific risks associated with smoking in diabetic populations.
  • To discuss the implications of smoking cessation for diabetic patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing studies on smoking and diabetes.
  • Analysis of cardiovascular, renal, and other complications linked to smoking in diabetics.
  • Evaluation of the potential benefits of smoking cessation in diabetic individuals.

Main Results:

  • Smoking is a primary cardiovascular risk factor for diabetic patients.
  • Younger diabetics who smoke face increased risk of macroproteinuric nephropathy.
  • Controversial findings exist regarding smoking's impact on diabetic retinopathy; however, links to connective tissue changes and neuropathy are suggested.
  • High-risk groups include patients with existing vascular complications, pregnant women, and women using oral contraceptives.

Conclusions:

  • While direct studies on smoking cessation in diabetics are limited, benefits observed in non-diabetics are assumed applicable.
  • Effective programs to encourage smoking cessation in diabetic patients are scarce and have shown limited success.
  • Addressing smoking cessation is crucial for managing cardiovascular and other risks in diabetic populations.

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