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Related Concept Videos

Labeling DNA Probes03:31

Labeling DNA Probes

DNA probes are fragments of DNA labeled with a reporter tag to enable their detection or purification. The resulting labeled DNA probes can then hybridize to target nucleic acid sequences through complementary base-pairing, and may be used to recover or identify these regions.
Radioisotopes, fluorophores, or small molecule binding partners like biotin or digoxigenin, are the most widely used reporter tags for labeling DNA probes. These labels can be attached to the probe DNA molecule via...

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A Microfluidic-based Electrochemical Biochip for Label-free DNA Hybridization Analysis
14:53

A Microfluidic-based Electrochemical Biochip for Label-free DNA Hybridization Analysis

Published on: September 10, 2014

Optimizing label-free DNA electrical detection on graphene platform.

Emilie Dubuisson1, Zhiyong Yang, Kian Ping Loh

  • 1Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543.

Analytical Chemistry
|March 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Anodized epitaxial graphene (EG) electrodes offer high performance for DNA detection. This biosensor can differentiate DNA types using electrochemical impedance and differential pulse voltammetry, enabling sensitive and selective DNA analysis.

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Fabrication of Electrochemical-DNA Biosensors for the Reagentless Detection of Nucleic Acids, Proteins and Small Molecules
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Fabrication of Electrochemical-DNA Biosensors for the Reagentless Detection of Nucleic Acids, Proteins and Small Molecules

Published on: June 1, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Graphene-based materials are promising for biosensing applications.
  • Developing sensitive and selective DNA detection methods is crucial for diagnostics.
  • Epitaxial graphene (EG) offers unique electronic properties for electrochemical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the performance of anodized epitaxial graphene (EG) electrodes for DNA detection.
  • To explore different DNA probe immobilization strategies on EG surfaces.
  • To evaluate the sensitivity and selectivity of EG-based biosensors for DNA hybridization and differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication and characterization of anodized epitaxial graphene (EG) electrodes.
  • Immobilization of DNA probes via covalent grafting and π-π stacking.
  • Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for impedimetric sensing.
  • Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) for DNA detection and differentiation.
  • Equivalent circuit modeling for analyzing sensing mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Anodized EG electrodes exhibited high performance for both electrochemical impedance and differential pulse voltammetry detection of DNA.
  • Both covalent and noncovalent immobilization methods were effective for DNA probe anchoring on anodized EG.
  • Sensitivity of impedimetric sensing was influenced by DNA binding modes, with equivalent circuit modeling revealing control by molecular and space charge layer resistances.
  • A wide linear dynamic detection range of 5.0 × 10⁻¹⁴ to 1 × 10⁻⁶ M was achieved for DNA oligonucleotides.
  • Differential pulse voltammetry allowed differentiation of single-stranded DNA, fully complementary DNA, and single nucleotide polymorphisms based on oxidation signals.

Conclusions:

  • Anodized EG is a highly effective platform for sensitive and selective DNA detection.
  • The surface chemistry of anodized EG facilitates robust DNA probe immobilization.
  • EG-based electrochemical biosensors show great potential for nucleic acid analysis and diagnostics.