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The Hall Effect

The Hall Effect

Edwin H. Hall, in the year 1879, devised an experiment that could be used to identify the polarity of the predominant charge carriers in a conducting material. From a historical perspective, this experiment was the first to demonstrate that the charge carriers in most metals are negative.

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Terahertz Microfluidic Sensing Using a Parallel-plate Waveguide Sensor

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Charge Density Wave-Induced Highly Sensitive Terahertz Detection Based on a Large Nonlinear Hall Effect.

Duo Zhao^1,2, Zelong Li¹, Jiaqian Sun¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.

|May 25, 2026

Summary

Charge density waves in 1T-TaS2 enable room-temperature nonlinear Hall effect (NLHE) due to flat bands. This leads to highly sensitive, self-powered terahertz detection, showcasing CDW systems

Keywords:

Berry curvature dipole Charge density wave Flat band Nonlinear Hall effect Terahertz detection

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Area of Science:

Condensed matter physics
Materials science

Background:

Charge density waves (CDW) are collective electronic states exhibiting rich phenomena like Mott insulation and quantum spin liquids.
Flat bands in 1T-TaS2 condense Berry curvature, amplifying physical effects like the nonlinear Hall effect (NLHE).

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the nonlinear Hall effect (NLHE) in the charge density wave (CDW) state of 1T-TaS2.
To explore the potential of CDW systems for terahertz (THz) detection applications.

Main Methods:

Experimental observation of a large room-temperature NLHE in 1T-TaS2.
Characterization of the zero-diagonal nonlinear transport tensor.
Development of self-powered THz detectors based on NLHE.

Main Results:

A large room-temperature NLHE was observed in CDW-state 1T-TaS2 with a significant Berry curvature dipole.
A zero-diagonal nonlinear transport tensor was revealed, indicating dynamic coupling between CDW and current.
Record responsivity (69.72 A/W) and photon-to-electron conversion efficiency (3.14%) were achieved for self-powered THz detection at 0.1 THz.

Conclusions:

Flat-band-induced Berry curvature is responsible for the enhanced NLHE and THz detection capabilities.
The CDW-induced Mott bandgap protects the NLHE at room temperature.
CDW systems offer a promising platform for high-sensitivity wireless THz detection.