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Related Concept Videos

Probiotics01:22

Probiotics

Probiotics are live, non-pathogenic microorganisms that confer health benefits by modulating the gut microbiota. The human gastrointestinal tract harbors a complex microbial ecosystem, and the balance of this microbiota is crucial for digestive and systemic health. Among the most extensively studied and utilized probiotics are species formerly classified within the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. These organisms not only naturally colonize the human gut but are also consumed through...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the colonic...
Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics01:21

Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics

Antibiotics have revolutionized modern medicine by saving countless lives from bacterial infections. However, their widespread use has inadvertently harmed the delicate balance of the human gut microbiota. The gut microbiota, a complex community of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi, plays a vital role in regulating metabolism, immune responses, and maintaining intestinal health. Antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum types, disrupt this ecosystem by eradicating both harmful and beneficial...
Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel Disease...

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Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
11:22

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

Published on: October 15, 2019

Probiotic helminth administration in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a phase 1 study.

J O Fleming1, A Isaak, J E Lee

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA. fleming@neurology.wisc.edu

Multiple Sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)
|March 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Trichuris suis ova (TSO) showed promise in a small study for treating multiple sclerosis (MS). This probiotic therapy reduced MRI lesions and was well-tolerated, suggesting potential for future MS treatment.

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Fecal Microbiota Transplantation via Colonoscopy for Recurrent C. difficile Infection
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Published on: December 8, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Neuroscience
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • The hygiene hypothesis suggests helminth exposure can modulate immune responses.
  • Trichuris suis ova (TSO) is a probiotic shown to be safe and effective for autoimmune inflammatory bowel disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the safety and efficacy of TSO in multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • To conduct the phase 1 Helminth-induced Immunomodulatory Therapy (HINT 1) study.

Main Methods:

  • Five treatment-naive relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients received 2500 TSO orally every two weeks for three months.
  • An exploratory trial design compared baseline measures to those during TSO administration.

Main Results:

  • The mean number of new gadolinium-enhancing MRI lesions decreased from 6.6 at baseline to 2.0 during TSO treatment.
  • After TSO discontinuation, the mean lesion count increased to 5.8.
  • Four of five subjects showed increased serum levels of IL-4 and IL-10; no significant adverse effects were reported.

Conclusions:

  • TSO was well-tolerated in the first human study for RRMS.
  • Favorable trends in MRI and immunological assessments suggest TSO's potential as an immunomodulatory treatment for MS.
  • Further research is needed to confirm safety, efficacy, and understand the mechanism of action.