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New Variations for Strategy Set-shifting in the Rat
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The omission strategy.

Peter DeScioli1, John Christner, Robert Kurzban

  • 1Chapman University. pdescioli@gmail.com

Psychological Science
|March 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary

People avoid punishment by choosing inaction (omission) over action (commission) when facing moral dilemmas. This strategy stems from reduced social condemnation for omissions, making them a preferred choice to avoid penalties.

Area of Science:

  • Moral Psychology
  • Behavioral Economics
  • Decision-Making

Background:

  • Individuals often prefer causing harm through inaction (omission) rather than action (commission).
  • Moral judgment is less severe for offenses by omission compared to commission, even when intent is constant.
  • This disparity in condemnation may influence behavioral choices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between reduced moral condemnation of omissions and their behavioral prevalence.
  • To determine if people strategically choose omissions to evade punishment.
  • To test the hypothesis that the omission effect is a deliberate strategy rather than a cognitive bias.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted using an economic game paradigm.

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  • Participants acted as 'takers' who could acquire money from 'owners' via omission or commission.
  • A third party's ability to punish takers (by reducing their payment) was manipulated.

    • Main Results:

    • The frequency of participants choosing omission increased significantly when the possibility of punishment was present.
    • Behavioral choices were directly influenced by the potential for social condemnation and punishment.
    • Intentions were controlled to isolate the effect of action versus inaction.

    Conclusions:

    • People strategically employ omissions to mitigate social condemnation and avoid punishment.
    • The omission effect is better understood as a calculated strategy for self-preservation rather than an inherent bias.
    • Findings highlight the adaptive nature of moral decision-making in response to social consequences.