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Successful management of chronic multifocal Q fever Osteomyelitis with adjuvant interferon-gamma therapy

Olaf Werner Neth1, Dolores Falcon, Estrella Peromingo

  • 1Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Infantil Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain.

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
|March 5, 2011
PubMed

Insights

Chronic multifocal osteomyelitis in a child caused by Coxiella burnetii was resistant to antibiotics. Interferon-gamma immunotherapy provided a sustained clinical response, offering a new treatment option for Q fever osteomyelitis.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Immunology
  • Osteomyelitis research

Background:

  • Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is a rare, non-bacterial inflammatory condition.
  • Coxiella burnetii is an intracellular bacterium that can cause Q fever, a zoonotic disease.
  • Osteomyelitis caused by Coxiella burnetii is uncommon, particularly in pediatric cases.

Observation:

  • A 3-year-old girl presented with chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis.
  • The osteomyelitis was confirmed to be caused by Coxiella burnetii.
  • Standard long-term dual antibiotic therapy proved ineffective.

Findings:

  • Initiation of immunomodulatory therapy with interferon-gamma led to an excellent and sustained clinical response.
  • This represents the first reported case of a child successfully treated with interferon-gamma for chronic multifocal Q fever osteomyelitis.
  • Interferon-gamma served as an effective adjuvant therapy in this challenging case.

Implications:

  • Interferon-gamma may be a viable therapeutic option for refractory pediatric osteomyelitis caused by Coxiella burnetii.
  • This case highlights the potential role of immunotherapy in managing complex infectious bone diseases.
  • Further research into interferon-gamma's efficacy in treating chronic Q fever osteomyelitis is warranted.

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