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Bacterial Transformation

Bacterial Transformation

In 1928, bacteriologist Frederick Griffith worked on a vaccine for pneumonia, which is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. Griffith studied two pneumonia strains in mice: one pathogenic and one non-pathogenic. Only the pathogenic strain killed host mice.Griffith made an unexpected discovery when he killed the pathogenic strain and mixed its remains with the live, non-pathogenic strain. Not only did the mixture kill host mice, but it also contained living pathogenic bacteria that...

Bacterial Transformation

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In 1928, bacteriologist Frederick Griffith worked on a vaccine for pneumonia, which is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. Griffith studied two pneumonia strains in mice: one pathogenic and one non-pathogenic. Only the pathogenic strain killed host mice.Griffith made an unexpected discovery when he killed the pathogenic strain and mixed its remains with the live, non-pathogenic strain. Not only did the mixture kill host mice, but it also contained living pathogenic bacteria that...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

A Fluorescence-based Method to Study Bacterial Gene Regulation in Infected Tissues

A Fluorescence-based Method to Study Bacterial Gene Regulation in Infected Tissues

Published on: February 19, 2019

Bacterial transformation (kushner method).

J W Dale¹, P J Greenaway

¹Department of Microbiology, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)

|March 5, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study details a heat shock method for making cells competent for DNA uptake, similar to the calcium chloride method. Competent cells efficiently absorb DNA after a brief heat treatment.

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Cell Biology
Biotechnology

Background:

Standard methods for introducing foreign DNA into cells are crucial for genetic manipulation.
The calcium chloride method is a widely used technique for bacterial transformation.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe a heat shock procedure for inducing cell competence.
To explain the mechanism of DNA uptake following heat shock.

Main Methods:

Harvesting exponentially growing cells.
Washing cells with a solution containing divalent cations to induce competence.
Incubating competent cells with DNA.
Subjecting the mixture to a heat shock treatment.

Main Results:

Cells treated with divalent cations become competent for DNA uptake.
Heat shock promotes the efficient absorption of DNA by competent cells.

Conclusions:

The heat shock procedure is an effective method for cell transformation.
The mechanism likely involves alterations in membrane lipid physical state during heat shock.