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Related Concept Videos

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain (PPOP)
14:56

An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain (PPOP)

Published on: January 27, 2010

Post-craniotomy pain in a paediatric population.

J H Teo1, G M Palmer, A J Davidson

  • 1Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Anaesthesia and Intensive Care
|March 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Children undergoing neurosurgery experience minimal pain, with most receiving multimodal analgesia including parenteral morphine. Older age was linked to higher pain scores, but significant respiratory depression was not observed.

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Minimally Invasive Surgical Decompression of Occipital Nerves
04:06

Minimally Invasive Surgical Decompression of Occipital Nerves

Published on: September 13, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain (PPOP)
14:56

An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain (PPOP)

Published on: January 27, 2010

Minimally Invasive Surgical Decompression of Occipital Nerves
04:06

Minimally Invasive Surgical Decompression of Occipital Nerves

Published on: September 13, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Anesthesiology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Pain Management

Background:

  • Limited data exists on pediatric pain and analgesia post-neurosurgery.
  • Understanding pain experiences is crucial for optimizing care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Assess pain levels in children after craniotomy.
  • Evaluate analgesic regimens used.
  • Identify factors associated with significant pain.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective data collection from 52 children over 72 hours post-craniotomy.
  • Pain assessed by nursing staff and an independent auditor.
  • Multivariate regression analysis used.

Main Results:

  • Median pain scores were low (0.7 by nurses, 1.3 by auditor).
  • 42% of children experienced at least one pain score >= 3.
  • Older age correlated with higher pain scores; procedure duration with prolonged morphine use.

Conclusions:

  • Multimodal analgesia, including parenteral morphine, is common post-neurosurgery.
  • This approach is generally associated with low pain scores in children.
  • Older age is a factor for increased pain episodes.