Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Flow Virometry to Analyze Antigenic Spectra of Virions and Extracellular Vesicles
06:28

Flow Virometry to Analyze Antigenic Spectra of Virions and Extracellular Vesicles

Published on: January 25, 2017

Engineered T4 viral nanoparticles for cellular imaging and flow cytometry.

Kelly L Robertson1, Carissa M Soto, Marie J Archer

  • 1Contributed from the Center of for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory , 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, United States.

Bioconjugate Chemistry
|March 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed novel virus-based nanoparticles using T4 bacteriophage heads. These functional nanoparticles, conjugated with fluorescent dyes, show enhanced brightness for cell imaging and flow cytometry.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Development of synthetic bacteriophages with extended host range to overcome resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Demonstration of <i>in vivo</i> efficacy, cryo-EM-epitope identification, and breadth of two anti-alphavirus bispecific single domain antibodies.

Journal of virology·2025
Same author

Engineered phages for selective adsorption of rare earth elements.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

Integrating Single Domain Antibodies into Field-Deployable Rapid Assays.

Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland)·2022
Same author

Bivalent single domain antibody constructs for effective neutralization of Venezuelan equine encephalitis.

Scientific reports·2022
Same author

The SARS-CoV-2 SSHHPS Recognized by the Papain-like Protease.

ACS infectious diseases·2021

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Nanotechnology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Viruses offer diverse shapes and sizes for biotechnology scaffolds.
  • Virus-based nanoparticles (VNPs) can be functionalized for various applications.
  • T4 bacteriophage, a large DNA virus, presents a promising scaffold due to its head structure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop functional VNPs for cell imaging and flow cytometry.
  • To utilize the T4 bacteriophage head as a scaffold for fluorescent dye bioconjugation.
  • To characterize the fluorescent properties of dye-conjugated T4 nanoparticles.

Main Methods:

  • Chemically incorporated Cy3 and Alexa Fluor 546 dyes into tail-less T4 bacteriophage heads (T4 nanoparticles).
  • Characterized the fluorescent properties of the resulting dye-conjugated nanoparticles.

More Related Videos

Detection of Fluorescent Nanoparticle Interactions with Primary Immune Cell Subpopulations by Flow Cytometry
07:31

Detection of Fluorescent Nanoparticle Interactions with Primary Immune Cell Subpopulations by Flow Cytometry

Published on: March 28, 2014

Viral Nanoparticles for In vivo Tumor Imaging
14:04

Viral Nanoparticles for In vivo Tumor Imaging

Published on: November 16, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Flow Virometry to Analyze Antigenic Spectra of Virions and Extracellular Vesicles
06:28

Flow Virometry to Analyze Antigenic Spectra of Virions and Extracellular Vesicles

Published on: January 25, 2017

Detection of Fluorescent Nanoparticle Interactions with Primary Immune Cell Subpopulations by Flow Cytometry
07:31

Detection of Fluorescent Nanoparticle Interactions with Primary Immune Cell Subpopulations by Flow Cytometry

Published on: March 28, 2014

Viral Nanoparticles for In vivo Tumor Imaging
14:04

Viral Nanoparticles for In vivo Tumor Imaging

Published on: November 16, 2012

  • Assessed the structural stability and utility of T4 nanoparticles as molecular probes.

    • Main Results:

    • T4 nanoparticles were successfully labeled with up to 19,000 fluorescent dyes.
    • Cy3-conjugated T4 nanoparticles exhibited up to 90% fluorescence enhancement compared to free Cy3.
    • The dye-conjugated T4 nanoparticles demonstrated structural stability.

    Conclusions:

    • Tail-less T4 bacteriophage heads serve as effective scaffolds for creating highly fluorescent VNPs.
    • These novel T4 nanoparticles are suitable for applications in cell imaging and flow cytometry.
    • The enhanced fluorescence offers improved sensitivity for molecular probing.