Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Malaria

Malaria

Malaria pathogenesis in humans reflects a delicate interplay between parasite biology and host response. Clinical illness reflects a host’s immune response to the parasite’s asexual replication cycle, which is often asymptomatic in individuals with partial immunity. From the parasite's perspective, transmission between mosquito and human with minimal host pathology is evolutionarily advantageous. Among the six Plasmodium species infecting humans, P. falciparum and P. vivax dominate in global...

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...

Symbiosis

Symbiosis

Symbiotic relationships are long-term, close interactions between individuals of different species that affect the distribution and abundance of those species. When a relationship is beneficial to both species, this is called mutualism. When the relationship is beneficial to one species but neither beneficial nor harmful to the other species, this is called commensalism. When one organism is harmed to benefit another, the relationship is known as parasitism. These types of relationships often...

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is a severe tick-borne illness caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a Gram-negative, coccobacillary bacterium. This pathogen is an obligate intracellular parasite, requiring a host cell for replication. Transmission occurs through the bite of an infected tick. In the United States, the most important vectors are Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) and Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick), though other tick species may also serve as vectors.

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...

Yellow Fever

Yellow Fever

Yellow fever is a viral hemorrhagic disease caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV), a member of the Flaviviridae family. It is transmitted primarily by Aedes and Haemagogus mosquitoes in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and South America. After transmission through a mosquito bite, the virus initially replicates in skin-resident immune cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages. These cells then migrate to the lymph nodes, where viral replication increases, eventually leading to...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

An evaluation of rectal artesunate for the pre-hospital management of severe malaria.

Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy·2020

Same authorSame journal

Malaria: fluid therapy in severe disease.

BMJ clinical evidence·2016

Same journal

Rheumatoid arthritis: previously untreated early disease.

BMJ clinical evidence·2016

Same journal

Diabetic retinopathy: intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors for diabetic macular oedema.

BMJ clinical evidence·2016

Same journal

Subarachnoid haemorrhage (spontaneous aneurysmal).

BMJ clinical evidence·2016

Same journal

Age-related macular degeneration: anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment.

BMJ clinical evidence·2016

Same journal

MRSA: treating people with infection.

BMJ clinical evidence·2016

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Standard Membrane Feeding Assay for the Detection of Plasmodium falciparum Infection in Anopheles Mosquito Vectors

Standard Membrane Feeding Assay for the Detection of Plasmodium falciparum Infection in Anopheles Mosquito Vectors

Published on: May 12, 2022

Malaria: severe, life-threatening.

Susanne Helena Sheehy¹, Brian John Angus

¹University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

BMJ Clinical Evidence

|March 8, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This systematic review evaluates antimalarial treatments for severe falciparum malaria in non-pregnant individuals. It examines the effectiveness and safety of various interventions, including artemisinin derivatives and quinine, to guide clinical practice.

More Related Videos

Phenotypic Analysis of Rodent Malaria Parasite Asexual and Sexual Blood Stages and Mosquito Stages

Phenotypic Analysis of Rodent Malaria Parasite Asexual and Sexual Blood Stages and Mosquito Stages

Published on: May 30, 2019

A Simple Protocol for Platelet-mediated Clumping of Plasmodium falciparum-infected Erythrocytes in a Resource Poor Setting

A Simple Protocol for Platelet-mediated Clumping of Plasmodium falciparum-infected Erythrocytes in a Resource Poor Setting

Published on: May 16, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Standard Membrane Feeding Assay for the Detection of Plasmodium falciparum Infection in Anopheles Mosquito Vectors

Standard Membrane Feeding Assay for the Detection of Plasmodium falciparum Infection in Anopheles Mosquito Vectors

Published on: May 12, 2022

Phenotypic Analysis of Rodent Malaria Parasite Asexual and Sexual Blood Stages and Mosquito Stages

Phenotypic Analysis of Rodent Malaria Parasite Asexual and Sexual Blood Stages and Mosquito Stages

Published on: May 30, 2019

A Simple Protocol for Platelet-mediated Clumping of Plasmodium falciparum-infected Erythrocytes in a Resource Poor Setting

A Simple Protocol for Platelet-mediated Clumping of Plasmodium falciparum-infected Erythrocytes in a Resource Poor Setting

Published on: May 16, 2013

Area of Science:

Infectious Diseases
Tropical Medicine
Pharmacology

Background:

Severe malaria, particularly *Plasmodium falciparum*, poses a significant threat to young children, non-immune travelers, and residents of endemic areas.
Cerebral malaria can lead to encephalopathy and coma, with a fatality rate of approximately 20% and potential for long-term neurological deficits in survivors.
Severe malarial anemia is another critical complication, associated with a mortality rate exceeding 13%.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review the efficacy and safety of antimalarial treatments and adjunctive therapies for complicated *falciparum* malaria in non-pregnant individuals.
To answer key clinical questions regarding the effects of various interventions based on available scientific evidence.

Main Methods:

Conducted a systematic literature review up to December 2009, searching major databases like Medline, Embase, and The Cochrane Library.
Included data from 33 systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and observational studies meeting inclusion criteria.
Incorporated safety alerts from regulatory agencies such as the US FDA and UK MHRA.

Main Results:

Identified and analyzed data from 33 relevant studies.
Evaluated a range of antimalarial treatments and supportive care interventions.

Conclusions:

The review synthesizes information on the effectiveness and safety of key interventions for severe malaria.
Interventions examined include dexamethasone, blood transfusions (exchange and initial), quinine, and various artemisinin derivatives (intramuscular and intravenous artemether, artesunate, dihydroartemisinin).
Provides evidence-based insights into managing complicated *falciparum* malaria.