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Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...

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Mechanical phenotype is important for stromal aromatase expression.

Sagar Ghosh1, Tao Kang, Howard Wang

  • 1Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA.

Steroids
|March 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Stromal aromatase expression, linked to breast density, is influenced by cell density, shape, and extracellular matrix. This offers a mechanistic explanation for increased breast cancer risk in dense tissue.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Elevated aromatase expression in tumor-associated breast stroma supports aromatase inhibitor (AI) use in breast cancer treatment.
  • Regulation of local aromatase expression in cancer-free breast stroma remains poorly understood.
  • Clinical studies suggest higher aromatase levels in stromal cells from dense breast tissue compared to non-dense tissue.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the regulation of aromatase expression in breast stroma.
  • To understand the factors influencing stromal aromatase in cancer-free tissue.
  • To explore the link between mammographic density and stromal aromatase expression.

Main Methods:

  • Cell culture experiments to assess stromal aromatase expression.
  • Investigated the impact of cell density, cell shape, and extracellular matrix (ECM) on aromatase levels.
  • Identified cell surface markers associated with aromatase-expressing stromal cells.

Main Results:

  • Cell density, cell shape, and ECM significantly induced stromal aromatase expression.
  • A distinct signal transduction pathway mediates this induction.
  • Identified specific cell surface markers on aromatase-expressing stromal cells.

Conclusions:

  • Findings provide a potential mechanistic link between dense breast tissue composition and increased stromal aromatase expression.
  • Mammographic density, a significant breast cancer risk factor, may be mechanistically related to altered stromal aromatase.
  • The in vitro model system offers a platform for further understanding breast cancer biology.