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Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder
05:12

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Published on: June 23, 2023

Alcohol and depression.

Joseph M Boden1, David M Fergusson

  • 1Christchurch Health and Development Study, University of Otago, Christchurch School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Christchurch, New Zealand.

Addiction (Abingdon, England)
|March 9, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alcohol use disorders (AUD) and major depression (MD) are causally linked, with each condition doubling the risk of the other. Increased alcohol consumption appears to elevate the risk of developing depression.

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Murine Drinking Models in the Development of Pharmacotherapies for Alcoholism: Drinking in the Dark and Two-bottle Choice
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Murine Drinking Models in the Development of Pharmacotherapies for Alcoholism: Drinking in the Dark and Two-bottle Choice

Published on: January 7, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Alcohol use disorders (AUD) and major depression (MD) are prevalent conditions.
  • The relationship between AUD and MD is complex and requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on the association between AUD and MD.
  • To evaluate the evidence for a causal relationship between these disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search of major databases (PsycInfo, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science) from 1980 to present.
  • Meta-analysis using random-effects models to calculate pooled adjusted odds ratios (AOR) for the co-occurrence of AUD and MD.

Main Results:

  • The presence of either AUD or MD doubled the risk of developing the other disorder (pooled AORs 2.00–2.09).
  • Evidence suggests a causal link, not fully explained by shared risk factors.
  • Alcohol use disorder appears to increase the risk of major depression, with potential mechanisms including neurophysiological and metabolic changes.

Conclusions:

  • A causal relationship exists between AUD and MD, where increased alcohol consumption elevates depression risk.
  • Further research is necessary to elucidate the precise nature of this causal link and inform effective interventions.
  • Investigating gender differences and classification issues is also recommended.