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Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Stability03:18

Nuclear Stability

Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
To hold positively charged protons together in the...
Nuclear Export01:42

Nuclear Export

The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
NES are of three types- the canonical 10-residue long leucine-rich signal and other...
Nuclear Fission02:50

Nuclear Fission

Many heavier elements with smaller binding energies per nucleon can decompose into more stable elements that have intermediate mass numbers and larger binding energies per nucleon—that is, mass numbers and binding energies per nucleon that are closer to the “peak” of the binding energy graph near 56. Sometimes neutrons are also produced. This decomposition of a large nucleus into smaller pieces is called fission. The breaking is rather random with the formation of a large number of different...
Nuclear Transmutation03:20

Nuclear Transmutation

Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed protons being...
Nuclear Binding Energy02:13

Nuclear Binding Energy

The difference between the calculated and experimentally measured masses is known as the mass defect of the atom. In the case of helium-4, the mass defect indicates a “loss” in mass of 4.0331 amu – 4.0026 amu = 0.0305 amu. The loss in mass accompanying the formation of an atom from protons, neutrons, and electrons is due to the conversion of that mass into energy that is evolved as the atom forms. The nuclear binding energy is the energy produced when the atoms’ nucleons are bound together;...
Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE)01:06

Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE)

Irradiation of a spin-active nucleus causes an increase or decrease in the signal intensity of neighboring nuclei that are not necessarily chemically bonded or involved in J-coupling. This phenomenon, called the nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE), results from through-space interactions between the nuclear spins. The NOE effect decreases with increasing internuclear distance and is generally not observed beyond 4 angstroms. In NOE, dipole-dipole interactions between neighboring spin-active...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Nuclear Migration in the Drosophila Oocyte
04:17

Nuclear Migration in the Drosophila Oocyte

Published on: May 13, 2021

On emerging nuclear order.

Indika Rajapakse1, Mark Groudine

  • 1Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.

The Journal of Cell Biology
|March 9, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The arrangement of chromosomes within the cell nucleus impacts gene function. New technologies allow us to study nuclear organization to understand its role in development and disease.

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Nuclear Isolation from Cryopreserved In Vitro Derived Blood Cells
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Nuclear Isolation from Cryopreserved In Vitro Derived Blood Cells

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Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
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Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Published on: September 17, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Nuclear Migration in the Drosophila Oocyte
04:17

Nuclear Migration in the Drosophila Oocyte

Published on: May 13, 2021

Nuclear Isolation from Cryopreserved In Vitro Derived Blood Cells
04:11

Nuclear Isolation from Cryopreserved In Vitro Derived Blood Cells

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Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
14:55

Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Published on: September 17, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The spatial arrangement of chromosomes during the cell cycle (interphase) is nonrandom.
  • The precise relationship between nuclear organization and genomic function is not fully understood.
  • Nuclear subcompartments may influence chromatin state and transcriptional efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the connection between nuclear organization and genomic function.
  • To investigate the role of nuclear subcompartments in regulating chromatin and transcription.
  • To leverage advanced technologies for a comprehensive understanding of nuclear order.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing genome-wide analyses.
  • Employing four-dimensional (4D) imaging techniques.
  • Characterizing global nuclear organization patterns.

Main Results:

  • Technological advancements enable comprehensive, dynamic studies of nuclear architecture.
  • These methods facilitate the global characterization of nuclear order.
  • Insights into the coupling of distinct nuclear processes are emerging.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding nuclear organization is crucial for comprehending development and disease.
  • Advanced genomic and imaging techniques are key to deciphering nuclear function.
  • Further research will elucidate how nuclear architecture impacts biological processes.