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Related Concept Videos

Motor Unit Stimulation01:20

Motor Unit Stimulation

When the neuron of a motor unit fires an action potential, it triggers a series of events, leading to a twitch contraction in the muscle fibers. The process of excitation-contraction coupling is crucial in relaying the action potential to the muscle fibers.
The latent period of contraction marks the onset of excitation-contraction coupling, when the action potential propagates across the sarcolemma, preparing the muscle fibers for contraction. As the fibers enter the contraction phase, the...
Muscle Stimulation Frequency01:22

Muscle Stimulation Frequency

The contraction strength of muscles is regulated by motor neurons, which modulate the frequency of action potentials dispatched to the motor units based on the body's requirements. This process of varying the muscle stimulation frequency allows muscles to contract with a force that is precisely tailored to the needs of the moment, whether lifting a feather or a heavy box.
Wave summation
At low firing rates, motor neurons induce individual twitch contractions in muscle fibers. These twitches...

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Force and Position Control in Humans - The Role of Augmented Feedback
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Published on: June 19, 2016

Multiple-input single-output closed-loop isometric force control using asynchronous intrafascicular multi-electrode

Mitchell A Frankel1, Brett R Dowden, V John Mathews

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA. m.frankel@utah.edu

IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering : a Publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
|March 10, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new controller precisely manages muscle force using asynchronous intrafascicular multi-electrode stimulation (IFMS). This closed-loop system achieves accurate force control, even with muscle fatigue, advancing functional electrical stimulation applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Neuroscience
  • Rehabilitation Engineering

Background:

  • Asynchronous intrafascicular multi-electrode stimulation (IFMS) offers fatigue-resistant muscle force generation.
  • Precise control of muscle force via IFMS is challenging due to difficulties in a priori parameter determination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and validate a real-time, closed-loop force-feedback controller for asynchronous IFMS.
  • To achieve precise, time-varying force production using a multiple-input single-output (MISO) control strategy.

Main Methods:

  • Developed and experimentally validated a proportionally-modulated, multiple-input single-output (MISO) controller.
  • Utilized a Utah Slanted Electrode Array implanted in feline sciatic nerves for isometric plantar-flexor muscle stimulation.
  • Tested the controller with step, sinusoidal, and complex time-varying force trajectories under conditions including muscle fatigue.

Main Results:

  • The controller successfully evoked force steps with a time-to-peak under 0.45 s and steady-state ripple below 7%.
  • Near-zero steady-state error was maintained despite muscle fatigue, with transient overshoot around 20%.
  • Accurate tracking of sinusoidal and complex force trajectories was achieved with amplitude error < 0.5 N and time delay ~300 ms.

Conclusions:

  • The developed MISO control strategy enables effective closed-loop force-feedback control of asynchronous IFMS.
  • This approach holds potential for restoring motor function in various multi-electrode stimulation applications.
  • The controller demonstrates robust performance in real-time force modulation, even with physiological challenges like fatigue.