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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...

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Triplet Josephson current modulated by Rashba spin-orbit coupling.

Zhuohui Yang1, Jun Wang, K S Chan

  • 1Department of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|March 10, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Rashba spin-orbit coupling (RSOC) in superconductor/electron gas junctions induces supercurrent oscillations and current reversal. This effect, controllable by electric fields, offers a novel way to modulate supercurrents in triplet Josephson junctions.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Materials
  • Spintronics

Background:

  • Supercurrents in superconductor/2D electron gas/superconductor junctions are fundamental to quantum electronics.
  • Rashba spin-orbit coupling (RSOC) is a key phenomenon in spintronics, influencing electron spin states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of RSOC on supercurrent behavior in triplet superconductor (TS) Josephson junctions.
  • To explore the potential for electric-field control of supercurrents via RSOC.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equation for theoretical analysis.
  • Employed a quantum scattering method to model the junction's behavior.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that RSOC induces 0-π oscillations in the supercurrent.
  • Observed an abrupt current reversal effect due to RSOC modulation.
  • Attributed these phenomena to the interplay between equal spin pairing and spin precession.

Conclusions:

  • RSOC provides a tunable mechanism for controlling supercurrents in TS/2DEG/TS junctions.
  • Electric field modulation of RSOC offers a purely electrical method for manipulating supercurrent direction and properties.