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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity01:25

Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity

Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity refer to the ability of drugs to cause genetic defects and induce cancer, respectively. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies agents into four groups based on their carcinogenic potential. Group 1 agents are known human carcinogens; group 2A agents are probably carcinogenic to humans; group 3 agents lack data to support their role in carcinogenesis; and group 4 includes agents for which data support that they are not likely to be...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Mitogens and the Cell Cycle02:38

Mitogens and the Cell Cycle

Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase01:11

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...

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BRAFV600E: implications for carcinogenesis and molecular therapy.

Emma R Cantwell-Dorris1, John J O'Leary, Orla M Sheils

  • 1Department of Histopathology, Trinity College, Sir Patrick Dun Research Laboratory, Pathology Building, St. James' Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland. cantweer@tcd.ie

Molecular Cancer Therapeutics
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The BRAF(V600E) mutation in the MAPK/ERK pathway drives cancer by promoting cell growth. This common mutation in cancers like melanoma is a promising target for new molecular therapies.

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Published on: April 22, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Genetics

Background:

  • The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway regulates cell functions.
  • Activating mutations in BRAF or KRAS are present in approximately 30% of human cancers.
  • The BRAF pathway is a key target for molecular cancer therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the BRAF(V600E) mutation in human carcinogenesis.
  • To review the literature on BRAF(V600E) in melanoma, colorectal, and thyroid cancers.
  • To assess the therapeutic potential of targeting BRAF mutations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific articles.
  • Analysis of BRAF(V600E) mutation prevalence and function.
  • Evaluation of clinical trial data for BRAF-targeted therapies.

Main Results:

  • The BRAF(V600E) mutation is a significant driver in various human cancers.
  • Specific focus on its role in melanoma, colorectal, and thyroid cancer development.
  • Emerging clinical trial data show promising results for BRAF-targeted therapies.

Conclusions:

  • The BRAF(V600E) mutation plays a critical role in cancer development.
  • Targeting the BRAF pathway offers a viable therapeutic strategy.
  • Further research and clinical trials are warranted to optimize BRAF-targeted treatments.