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Related Concept Videos

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...
Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Establishment of a Modified Ferric Chloride-Induced Superior Sagittal Sinus Thrombosis
07:34

Establishment of a Modified Ferric Chloride-Induced Superior Sagittal Sinus Thrombosis

Published on: December 30, 2025

[Cerebral sinus thrombosis complicating ulcerative colitis].

Asuka Nakarai1, Hirotoki Ohe, Daisuke Uchida

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima City Hospital, Japan. asuka541217@yahoo.co.jp

Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi = the Japanese Journal of Gastro-Enterology
|March 11, 2011
PubMed
Summary

A rare complication of ulcerative colitis (UC) is cerebral sinus thrombosis, a condition causing blood clots in the brain. This case highlights the severe neurological risks associated with untreated UC.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Establishment of a Modified Ferric Chloride-Induced Superior Sagittal Sinus Thrombosis
07:34

Establishment of a Modified Ferric Chloride-Induced Superior Sagittal Sinus Thrombosis

Published on: December 30, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease.
  • UC is associated with a hypercoagulable state, increasing thrombosis risk.
  • Cerebral sinus thrombosis is a rare but serious complication.

Observation:

  • A 40-year-old woman with untreated ulcerative colitis presented with altered consciousness and left-sided weakness.
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) revealed complete obstruction of the superior sagittal sinus.
  • Cerebral sinus thrombosis was diagnosed as a complication of ulcerative colitis.

Findings:

  • Despite anticoagulant therapy, the patient's condition deteriorated, leading to death within 5 days.
  • This case underscores the potential for severe neurological events in patients with ulcerative colitis.
  • Cerebral sinus thrombosis, while uncommon, represents a critical risk in this patient population.

Implications:

  • Early diagnosis and management of ulcerative colitis are crucial to prevent severe complications.
  • Increased awareness of hypercoagulability in UC is needed for neurological risk assessment.
  • Further research into the mechanisms linking UC and cerebral sinus thrombosis may improve patient outcomes.