Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Transgenic Organisms00:53

Transgenic Organisms

Overview
Transgenic Organisms00:53

Transgenic Organisms

Overview
Cloning of Dolly the Sheep01:08

Cloning of Dolly the Sheep

The first successfully cloned mammal was Dolly, a sheep, born on 5th July 1996 at Roslin Institute, Scotland. The cloned sheep was named after the American singer Dolly Parton. Dolly lived for seven years and died of respiratory complications, which is speculated to be due to the actual age of her DNA. Because the DNA in cloned cells belongs to an older individual,  the cloned individual’s life expectancy may be affected. Indeed, analysis of Dolly’s DNA revealed shorter telomeres than other...
Transgenic Plants02:50

Transgenic Plants

Recombinant DNA technology called transgenesis is often used to add a foreign gene or remove a detrimental gene from an organism. Such genetically modified organisms are called transgenic organisms.
The first-ever transgenic plant was a tobacco plant developed in 1983 that showed resistance against the tobacco mosaic virus. Since then, many transgenic plants have been developed and commercialized for improving the agricultural, ornamental, and horticultural value of a crop plant. Transgenic...
Production of Pharmaceuticals01:30

Production of Pharmaceuticals

Industrial insulin production uses genetically engineered E. coli expressing a proinsulin gene controlled by a tryptophan promoter and containing a methionine linker for later cleavage. The cells also carry ampicillin resistance for selective growth. Seed cultures are stored at −80 °C and production begins by thawing a small amount to inoculate starter cultures, which are progressively scaled to a 50,000-L bioreactor. In the bioreactor, E. coli grow in nutrient-rich media under sterile, tightly...
Reproductive Cloning01:27

Reproductive Cloning

Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by splitting an early embryo—similar to what happens naturally with identical twins—cloning of adult animals is usually done by a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
In SCNT, an egg cell is taken from an animal and its nucleus is removed, creating an enucleated egg. Then a somatic cell—any cell that is not a sex...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

People with prior tuberculosis have accelerated frailty and differential survival into older age: a cross-sectional analysis in Southern Africa.

The Journal of infectious diseases·2026
Same author

Defining frailty using a modified Fried's Frailty Phenotype in a Southern African context.

PloS one·2026
Same author

A Healthy Conversation Skills intervention to support changes to physical activity and dietary behaviours in community-dwelling older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Perspectives in public health·2024
Same author

Optimisation of vitamin D status in global populations.

Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA·2024
Same author

Is it time to consider population screening for fracture risk in postmenopausal women? A position paper from the International Osteoporosis Foundation Epidemiology/Quality of Life Working Group.

Archives of osteoporosis·2022
Same author

Assessment of Activity Profiles in Older Adults and Lower Limb Bone Parameters: Observations from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study.

Calcified tissue international·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Instrumentation of Near-term Fetal Sheep for Multivariate Chronic Non-anesthetized Recordings
14:40

Instrumentation of Near-term Fetal Sheep for Multivariate Chronic Non-anesthetized Recordings

Published on: October 25, 2015

Production of transgenic sheep.

C D Nancarrow1, J T Marshall, K A Ward

  • 1CSIRO Division of Animal Production, Prospect, New South Wales, Australia.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|March 11, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Transgenic sheep production is challenging, with low success rates hindering research. Current methods, like pronuclear microinjection, are inefficient but remain the standard for creating genetically modified sheep.

Area of Science:

  • Animal biotechnology
  • Genetics and genomics
  • Agricultural science

Background:

  • Transgenic sheep production faces significant challenges compared to other species, with lower success rates and higher workloads.
  • Despite difficulties, the potential benefits for human/animal health and agriculture drive continued research.
  • Low transgenesis efficiency (approx. 1%) limits critical investigations into transgene expression, phenotypic effects, and construct optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the difficulties and inefficiencies in transgenic sheep production.
  • To emphasize the importance of improving transgenesis rates for agricultural and health applications.
  • To establish pronuclear microinjection as the current benchmark method for sheep transgenesis.

Main Methods:

More Related Videos

Use of Bisection to Reduce Mitochondrial DNA in the Bovine Oocyte
06:15

Use of Bisection to Reduce Mitochondrial DNA in the Bovine Oocyte

Published on: July 6, 2022

Production of Apolipoprotein C-III Knockout Rabbits using Zinc Finger Nucleases
10:59

Production of Apolipoprotein C-III Knockout Rabbits using Zinc Finger Nucleases

Published on: November 18, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Instrumentation of Near-term Fetal Sheep for Multivariate Chronic Non-anesthetized Recordings
14:40

Instrumentation of Near-term Fetal Sheep for Multivariate Chronic Non-anesthetized Recordings

Published on: October 25, 2015

Use of Bisection to Reduce Mitochondrial DNA in the Bovine Oocyte
06:15

Use of Bisection to Reduce Mitochondrial DNA in the Bovine Oocyte

Published on: July 6, 2022

Production of Apolipoprotein C-III Knockout Rabbits using Zinc Finger Nucleases
10:59

Production of Apolipoprotein C-III Knockout Rabbits using Zinc Finger Nucleases

Published on: November 18, 2013

  • Review of existing literature on transgenic sheep production.
  • Analysis of the efficiency of pronuclear microinjection in sheep embryos.
  • Comparison of gene expression and phenotypic effects in sheep versus mouse models.

    • Main Results:

    • Transgenic sheep production success rates are approximately 1% of injected embryos.
    • The mouse model may not accurately predict transgene behavior in sheep, as demonstrated by the GH9 gene.
    • Pronuclear microinjection is the established method for regular production of transgenic sheep.

    Conclusions:

    • Improving transgenesis efficiency in sheep is crucial for advancing agricultural and biomedical applications.
    • Current methods, particularly pronuclear microinjection, are inefficient but serve as the standard for evaluating new techniques.
    • Further research is needed to overcome the limitations in sheep transgenesis and fully realize its potential benefits.