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Related Concept Videos

Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers01:51

Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers

Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers01:51

Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers

Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Retroviral Scanning: Mapping MLV Integration Sites to Define Cell-specific Regulatory Regions
10:10

Retroviral Scanning: Mapping MLV Integration Sites to Define Cell-specific Regulatory Regions

Published on: May 28, 2017

Cell lineage studies using retroviruses.

J Price1

  • 1The National Institute of Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, UK.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|March 11, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Retroviruses efficiently label cells, providing a permanent genetic marker to track cell development and their progeny. This method is crucial for studying cell lineage, especially in inaccessible mammalian embryos.

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Production of Replication-Defective Retrovirus by Transient Transfection of 293T cells
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Retroviral Scanning: Mapping MLV Integration Sites to Define Cell-specific Regulatory Regions
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Retroviral Scanning: Mapping MLV Integration Sites to Define Cell-specific Regulatory Regions

Published on: May 28, 2017

Retroviral Transduction of Helper T Cells as a Genetic Approach to Study Mechanisms Controlling their Differentiation and Function
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Production of Replication-Defective Retrovirus by Transient Transfection of 293T cells
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Production of Replication-Defective Retrovirus by Transient Transfection of 293T cells

Published on: December 4, 2007

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Studying cell lineage requires methods to label precursor cells and track their progeny.
  • Conventional lineage labels are often inadequate for complex biological systems like mammalian embryos.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a method for labeling precursor cells to study cell lineage.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of retroviruses as genetic labels for cell lineage tracing.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing retroviruses as agents for gene transfer into precursor cells.
  • Employing retroviral gene transfer for its efficiency and accuracy in labeling.

Main Results:

  • Retroviruses serve as efficient and accurate gene transfer agents.
  • Retroviral labeling provides an indelible and heritable marker of cell lineage.

Conclusions:

  • Retroviral gene transfer is an invaluable tool for studying cell lineage in vivo.
  • This technique is particularly useful for tracking cell fate in small and inaccessible mammalian embryos.