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Related Concept Videos

Stem Cell Niche01:26

Stem Cell Niche

The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
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Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...

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Updated: Jun 3, 2026

A Neurosphere Assay to Evaluate Endogenous Neural Stem Cell Activation in a Mouse Model of Minimal Spinal Cord Injury
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Reversible neural stem cell niche dysfunction in a model of multiple sclerosis.

Stine Rasmussen1, Jaime Imitola, Angel Ayuso-Sacido

  • 1Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Annals of Neurology
|March 11, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Chronic microglia activation impairs neural stem cell repair after CNS injury. Minocycline treatment, by inhibiting microglia, enhances stem cell proliferation and differentiation, promoting CNS repair.

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Systemic Injection of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells in Mice with Chronic EAE
09:24

Systemic Injection of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells in Mice with Chronic EAE

Published on: April 15, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The subventricular zone (SVZ) harbors neural stem cells (NSCs) crucial for central nervous system (CNS) repair.
  • During experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), NSCs initially regenerate but lose this capacity in chronic disease phases.
  • Chronic microglia activation is hypothesized to inhibit NSC repair potential in the SVZ.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of chronic microglia activation in the failure of NSC repair during EAE.
  • To determine if inhibiting microglia activation can restore NSC repair function in the SVZ.

Main Methods:

  • Quantified progenitor proliferation and differentiation using bromodeoxyuridine injections in EAE models.
  • Assessed SVZ structure via electron microscopy.
  • Administered minocycline in vivo to inactivate microglia and evaluate its effects on SVZ function.

Main Results:

  • Minocycline treatment increased stem cell proliferation in both naive and EAE animals.
  • In chronic EAE, minocycline reduced pathology and enhanced proliferation and differentiation of SVZ-derived Sox2+ stem cells and NG2+ oligodendrocyte precursor cells into mature oligodendrocytes.

Conclusions:

  • Failure of CNS repair in chronic EAE is linked to microglia activation.
  • Targeting chronic microglial activation presents a potential therapeutic strategy for enhancing CNS repair.