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Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
Deglutition01:25

Deglutition

Swallowing, otherwise known as deglutition, facilitates the transport of food from the mouth to the stomach. It is a multifaceted process that involves both the tongue and the muscles of the throat and esophagus. Saliva and mucus aid in this process, which takes approximately 4 to 8 seconds for semi-solid or solid food and around 1 second for liquids or very soft food.
Swallowing can be divided into three stages: the voluntary phase, the pharyngeal phase, and the esophageal phase. Although the...
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Adapting Human Videofluoroscopic Swallow Study Methods to Detect and Characterize Dysphagia in Murine Disease Models
08:32

Adapting Human Videofluoroscopic Swallow Study Methods to Detect and Characterize Dysphagia in Murine Disease Models

Published on: March 1, 2015

Cortical swallowing processing in early subacute stroke.

Inga K Teismann1, Sonja Suntrup, Tobias Warnecke

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Str,33, 48149 Muenster, Germany. i.teismann@uni-muenster.de

BMC Neurology
|March 12, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stroke patients with dysphagia show reduced brain activity during swallowing. Hemispheric stroke patients had bilateral reductions, while brainstem stroke patients showed right-sided brain activation, suggesting compensatory mechanisms for swallowing difficulties.

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Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Adapting Human Videofluoroscopic Swallow Study Methods to Detect and Characterize Dysphagia in Murine Disease Models
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Non-invasive Imaging and Analysis of Cerebral Ischemia in Living Rats Using Positron Emission Tomography with 18F-FDG

Published on: December 28, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Clinical Neurology
  • Swallowing Disorders

Background:

  • Dysphagia is a significant complication following stroke, leading to aspiration pneumonia and increased mortality.
  • Understanding the recovery patterns of dysphagia post-stroke is crucial for patient outcomes.
  • Cortical swallowing processing in the early subacute phase remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare cortical swallowing processing patterns in patients with hemispheric and brainstem strokes.
  • To differentiate these patterns based on the presence or absence of dysphagia.
  • To analyze these patterns in the early subacute phase post-stroke.

Main Methods:

  • Whole-head magnetoencephalography (MEG) was used to measure brain activity during self-paced swallowing in 37 stroke patients.
  • Patients were categorized by stroke location (hemispheric vs. brainstem) and presence of dysphagia.
  • Data analysis involved synthetic aperture magnetometry and permutation testing, with age-matched healthy subjects as controls.

Main Results:

  • Dysphagic patients with hemispheric stroke exhibited a significant bilateral reduction in cortical swallowing activation.
  • Hemispheric stroke patients without dysphagia showed normal bilateral cortical activation.
  • Brainstem stroke patients displayed reduced cortical activation with a notable right hemispheric lateralization.

Conclusions:

  • Right hemispheric lateralization in brainstem stroke may represent acute cortical compensation for subcortically induced dysphagia.
  • Reduced cortical activation in both brainstem stroke and dysphagic cortical stroke patients could be attributed to diaschisis.
  • These findings highlight distinct neural reorganization patterns underlying dysphagia in different stroke types.