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MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Genome-wide Analysis of HDAC Inhibitor-mediated Modulation of microRNAs and mRNAs in B Cells Induced to Undergo Class-switch DNA Recombination and Plasma Cell Differentiation

Genome-wide Analysis of HDAC Inhibitor-mediated Modulation of microRNAs and mRNAs in B Cells Induced to Undergo Class-switch DNA Recombination and Plasma Cell Differentiation

Published on: September 20, 2017

MicroRNAs and epigenetics.

Fumiaki Sato¹, Soken Tsuchiya, Stephen J Meltzer

¹Department of Nanobio Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. fsato@pharm.kyoto-u.ac.jp

The FEBS Journal

|March 15, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and epigenetic mechanisms form a regulatory circuit influencing gene expression. Disruptions in this epigenetics-miRNA circuit contribute to various diseases, highlighting its biological significance.

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Genome-wide Analysis of HDAC Inhibitor-mediated Modulation of microRNAs and mRNAs in B Cells Induced to Undergo Class-switch DNA Recombination and Plasma Cell Differentiation

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MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

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Published on: October 7, 2025

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Epigenetics
RNA Biology

Background:

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNAs regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally.
Epigenetic mechanisms like DNA methylation and histone modification influence miRNA expression.
miRNAs also regulate key epigenetic regulators, forming a complex feedback loop.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent discoveries on the epigenetics-miRNA regulatory circuit.
To explore the biological insights into gene regulation and disease.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent studies on epigenetics and miRNAs.
Analysis of the interplay between epigenetic modifications and miRNA expression.
Examination of the role of the epigenetics-miRNA circuit in disease.

Main Results:

Epigenetic mechanisms regulate specific miRNAs (e.g., let-7a, miR-9, miR-34a).
Certain miRNAs control epigenetic regulators (e.g., DNA methyltransferases, histone deacetylases).
This intricate network forms an epigenetics-miRNA regulatory circuit governing gene expression.

Conclusions:

The epigenetics-miRNA regulatory circuit is crucial for normal physiological functions.
Disruption of this circuit contributes to the pathogenesis of various diseases.
Understanding this circuit offers potential therapeutic targets for disease treatment.