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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Mutations01:35

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
Mutations01:39

Mutations

Overview
Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...

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Pharmacologic Induction of Epidermal Melanin and Protection Against Sunburn in a Humanized Mouse Model
12:37

Pharmacologic Induction of Epidermal Melanin and Protection Against Sunburn in a Humanized Mouse Model

Published on: September 7, 2013

Sun exposed skin disease.

Percy Lehmann1

  • 1Klinik für Dermatologie, Allergologie und Dermatochirurgie Helios Klinikum Wuppertal-Universität Witten Herdecke, Heusnerstr 40, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany. rotraud.anders@helios-kliniken.de

Clinics in Dermatology
|March 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sun exposure can cause various skin conditions, from sunburn to skin cancer. Understanding the classification of photodermatoses, including primary and secondary types, is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Photobiology

Background:

  • Sun irradiation induces or exacerbates numerous dermatoses in sun-exposed areas.
  • These range from acute sunburn to chronic sun damage, including elastosis and ultraviolet-induced skin cancer.
  • Inflammatory ultraviolet-induced dermatoses present a nomenclature and classification challenge, complicating differential diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the classification and nomenclature of ultraviolet-induced dermatoses.
  • To differentiate between primary and secondary photodermatoses.
  • To aid in the differential diagnosis of sun-related skin conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current dermatological and photobiological literature.
  • Analysis of modern nosology for photodermatoses.
  • Categorization based on pathophysiology and etiological factors.

Main Results:

  • Modern nosology distinguishes between primary and secondary photodermatoses.
  • Primary photodermatoses are primarily irradiation-induced and immunologically mediated, sometimes termed idiopathic.
  • Secondary photodermatoses have defined pathophysiology, such as enzyme defects (porphyrias, xeroderma pigmentosum) or exacerbation of pre-existing conditions (lupus erythematosus, Darier disease).
  • Phototoxic and photoallergic reactions are differentiated based on the presence of a photosensitizer.

Conclusions:

  • A clear classification system for photodermatoses is essential for accurate diagnosis.
  • Understanding the distinction between primary and secondary photodermatoses aids in identifying underlying causes.
  • This framework helps differentiate between direct UV effects, immune-mediated reactions, and conditions with underlying genetic or systemic pathologies.