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Related Concept Videos

Cholecystitis01:20

Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by obstruction of the cystic duct. This blockage prevents bile from draining, leading to gallbladder distension, inflammation, and potentially serious complications. This condition may present acutely or chronically and can happen with or without gallstones.EtiologyAbout 95% of cholecystitis cases are calculous, caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct, leading to bile accumulation and inflammation of the gallbladder...
Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
Bile01:19

Bile

Bile is a crucial bodily fluid, characterized by its yellow-green color and alkaline nature. Produced in the liver, it is transported through the common hepatic duct into either the cystic duct, leading to the gallbladder, or directly into the common bile duct. The flow of bile is regulated by the sphincter of Oddi located at the entrance of the duodenum. When this sphincter is closed, bile is redirected to the gallbladder for storage and concentration.
Bile is released when dietary fats enter...
Gallbladder01:17

Gallbladder

The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ that plays a crucial role in our digestive system. Measuring about 10 cm in length, it is comparable in size to a kiwi fruit and is located in a hollow area on the lower surface of the liver. The gallbladder's primary function is to store and concentrate bile, a fluid produced by the liver that aids in digestion.
The gallbladder's anatomy consists of three regions: the fundus, body, and neck. Extending from the neck, the cystic duct joins the common...
Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not related to...
Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors01:16

Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors

The biliary system of the liver, crucial for bile secretion and drug excretion, comprises intrahepatic bile ducts that merge to form the common hepatic duct. This duct, carrying hepatic bile, combines with the cystic duct, draining the gallbladder and forming the common bile duct, which empties into the duodenum. Bile, produced by hepatic cells lining the bile canaliculi, is composed primarily of water, bile salts, pigments, electrolytes, and lesser amounts of cholesterol and fatty acids. Bile...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

A Two-Step Method for Percutaneous Transhepatic Choledochoscopic Lithotomy
03:56

A Two-Step Method for Percutaneous Transhepatic Choledochoscopic Lithotomy

Published on: September 13, 2022

[Biliary lithiasis].

Jean-Louis Payen1, Fabrice Muscari, Eric Vibert

  • 1Centre hospitalier de Montauban, service d'hépatogastroentérologie, 82013 Montauban, France.

Presse Medicale (Paris, France : 1983)
|March 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Silent gallstones require no treatment. Acute cholecystitis is diagnosed using clinical signs, lab tests, and ultrasound, with early surgery as the primary treatment, except for severe cases.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

A Two-Step Method for Percutaneous Transhepatic Choledochoscopic Lithotomy
03:56

A Two-Step Method for Percutaneous Transhepatic Choledochoscopic Lithotomy

Published on: September 13, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Hepatobiliary Surgery

Background:

  • Silent gallstones do not require intervention.
  • Acute cholecystitis diagnosis relies on clinical, biological, and sonographic findings.
  • Management strategies vary based on disease severity and location.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline current diagnostic and treatment strategies for gallstone-related diseases.
  • To compare treatment outcomes for common bile duct stones.
  • To inform clinical decision-making based on available resources.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical diagnosis and abdominal sonography for acute cholecystitis.
  • Percutaneous cholecystostomy and antibiotics for severe cholecystitis.
  • MR cholangiopancreatography or endoscopic sonography for common bile duct stone diagnosis.
  • Laparoscopic surgery versus combined endoscopic and surgical approaches for common bile duct stones.

Main Results:

  • Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy is standard for acute cholecystitis, with percutaneous drainage for severe cases.
  • Abdominal sonography has limited accuracy for common bile duct stones, often necessitating further imaging.
  • Treatment outcomes for common bile duct stones are comparable between laparoscopic surgery and combined endoscopic-sphincterotomy/laparoscopic cholecystectomy in experienced hands.

Conclusions:

  • Treatment decisions for gallstone disease should be guided by clinical presentation, diagnostic accuracy, and local expertise.
  • Effective management of acute cholecystitis and cholangitis involves timely intervention and appropriate antibiotic therapy.
  • Comparative effectiveness of surgical and endoscopic interventions for common bile duct stones supports tailored treatment approaches.