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Does the small farm exemption cost lives?

Philip D Somervell¹, George A Conway

¹Epidemiologist Alaska Pacific Regional Office, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA. gjx7@cdc.gov

American Journal of Industrial Medicine

|March 15, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

States that enforce occupational safety laws on small farms have significantly lower farmworker fatality rates. Opting out of the small farm exemption appears to improve agricultural safety and reduce injury.

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Area of Science:

Occupational Health
Agricultural Safety
Public Health Policy

Background:

Federal law exempts farms with fewer than 11 employees from the Occupational Safety and Health Act.
Three states (California, Oregon, Washington) do not enforce this small farm exemption.
This creates a natural experiment to study the impact of the exemption.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare fatal occupational injury rates in agriculture.
To assess the effect of the small farm exemption on agricultural safety.
To evaluate the impact of state-level occupational safety and health programs.

Main Methods:

Compared fatal occupational injury rates in agriculture from 1993-2007.
Analyzed data from California, Oregon, and Washington (exempting states) versus other states grouped by safety program status.
Conducted analyses with and without the agriculture industry.

Main Results:

Fatal injury rates were 1.6 to 3 times higher in states observing the small farm exemption.
The disparity was most pronounced within the agriculture industry.
Excluding agriculture weakened the observed differences.

Conclusions:

States opting out of the small farm exemption show lower agricultural fatality rates.
This suggests a more effective occupational health and safety approach in these states.
Further investigation is warranted due to high injury and fatality stakes.