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09:20
Generation of Multicellular Human Primary Endometrial Organoids
Published on: October 4, 2019
Progesterone: a pivotal hormone at menstruation
Jacqueline A Maybin1, Hilary O D Critchley
1The University of Edinburgh's Centre for Reproductive Biology, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|March 16, 2011
Summary
This review explores how ovarian hormones, estradiol and progesterone, control monthly endometrial repair and breakdown. Aberrant hormonal control can lead to heavy menstrual bleeding, suggesting new therapeutic targets.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive biology
- Gynecology
- Endocrinology
Background:
- The human endometrium undergoes monthly cycles of injury, repair, and remodeling.
- This cyclical process is essential for potential embryo implantation.
- Endometrial function is primarily regulated by ovarian hormones: estradiol and progesterone.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the hormonal control of cyclical endometrial tissue injury and repair during menstruation.
- To discuss the functional impact of changing estradiol and progesterone levels.
- To identify potential therapeutic targets for heavy menstrual bleeding stemming from aberrant endometrial function.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on hormonal regulation of the endometrium.
- Analysis of the roles of estradiol and progesterone in endometrial repair and breakdown.
- Examination of the link between endometrial dysfunction and heavy menstrual bleeding.
Main Results:
- Progesterone levels decrease premenstrually, while estradiol levels rise postmenstrually.
- These hormonal shifts significantly influence endometrial tissue repair and breakdown.
- Dysfunctional endometrial processes contribute to heavy menstrual bleeding.
Conclusions:
- Hormonal fluctuations critically regulate the endometrium's monthly repair and injury cycle.
- Aberrant endometrial function due to hormonal imbalance is a key factor in heavy menstrual bleeding.
- Understanding these mechanisms offers potential targets for treating gynecological bleeding disorders.
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At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.
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