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How many bits does it take to track an open quantum system?

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  • 1ARC Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia.

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Researchers show adaptive monitoring can limit quantum jumps in open quantum systems to a few states. For qubits, one bit suffices to track system evolution, simplifying quantum state tracking.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Physics
  • Quantum Information Science

Background:

  • Open quantum systems evolve via Markovian dynamics.
  • Precise monitoring of a system's bath can induce quantum jumps between pure states.
  • Typically, system trajectories pass through infinitely many states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate that adaptive monitoring can confine quantum jumps to a finite set of states.
  • To establish a lower bound for the number of states (K) required for confinement.
  • To explicitly construct a scheme for two-dimensional systems (qubits).

Main Methods:

  • Investigated D-dimensional Markovian open quantum systems.
  • Developed adaptive monitoring schemes for the system's bath.
  • Analyzed the conditions for confining quantum jumps using ergodic master equations.

Main Results:

  • Showed that for any ergodic master equation, quantum jumps can be confined to K states, where K ≥ (D-1)² + 1.
  • For D=2 (qubits), explicitly constructed a two-state ensemble.
  • Demonstrated that one bit is sufficient to track a qubit's state evolution.

Conclusions:

  • Adaptive bath monitoring offers a method to control and simplify the dynamics of open quantum systems.
  • Finite-state confinement is achievable, reducing the complexity of tracking quantum trajectories.
  • The findings have implications for quantum information processing and quantum state estimation.