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Related Concept Videos

Frictional Force01:07

Frictional Force

When a body is in motion, it encounters resistance because the body interacts with its surroundings. This resistance is known as friction, a common yet complex force whose behavior is still not completely understood. Friction opposes relative motion between systems in contact, but also allows us to move. Friction arises in part due to the roughness of surfaces in contact. For one object to move along a surface, it must rise to where the peaks of the surface can skip along the bottom of the...
The Uncertainty Principle04:08

The Uncertainty Principle

Werner Heisenberg considered the limits of how accurately one can measure properties of an electron or other microscopic particles. He determined that there is a fundamental limit to how accurately one can measure both a particle’s position and its momentum simultaneously. The more accurate the measurement of the momentum of a particle is known, the less accurate the position at that time is known and vice versa. This is what is now called the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. He mathematically...
Static and Kinetic Frictional Force01:05

Static and Kinetic Frictional Force

One of the simpler characteristics of sliding friction is that it is parallel to the contact surfaces between systems, and is always in a direction that opposes the motion or attempted motion of the systems relative to each other. If two systems are in contact and moving relative to one another, then the friction between them is called kinetic friction. For example, kinetic friction slows a hockey puck sliding on ice.
However, if two systems are in contact and are stationary relative to one...
Kinetic Friction01:26

Kinetic Friction

Consider a truck trying to pull a stationary car. As the truck exerts a force on the car, static friction is created at the point of contact between the two surfaces. This frictional force resists the car's movement and keeps it at rest. However, when the applied force by the truck surpasses the limiting static frictional force, an interesting phenomenon occurs. The frictional force at the interface reduces to a lower value, known as the kinetic frictional force. At this point, the car begins...
Second Law: Motion under Same Force01:10

Second Law: Motion under Same Force

Newton's laws can be applied to bodies at rest and bodies in motion. Newton's first law is applied to bodies in equilibrium, whereas the second law applies to accelerating bodies. To study accelerating bodies, first, the directions and magnitudes of acceleration and the applied forces are determined. Then, the free-body diagram is constructed, and Newton's second law is applied, considering the components of the forces in the x and y directions.
Let's imagine a person is standing on a weighing...
Coulomb's Law01:30

Coulomb's Law

Experiments with electric charges have shown that if two objects each have an electric charge, they exert an electric force on each other. The magnitude of the force is linearly proportional to the net charge on each object and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. The direction of the force vector is along the imaginary line joining the two objects and is dictated by the signs of the charges involved.
Newton's third law applies to the Coulomb force — the force on...

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Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

Quantum friction.

A I Volokitin1, B N J Persson

  • 1Institut für Festkörperforschung, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany.

Physical Review Letters
|March 17, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Van der Waals friction causes electric current saturation in graphene, a phenomenon linked to quantum friction with substrate phonons. This friction also enables measurable voltage generation between two graphene sheets.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Van der Waals forces play a crucial role in the interactions between nanoscale materials.
  • Graphene's unique electronic properties are sensitive to substrate interactions.
  • Understanding friction at the nanoscale is essential for device performance and novel applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of van der Waals friction on graphene's electrical properties.
  • To explore the temperature dependence of current saturation in graphene due to friction.
  • To calculate the frictional drag between two graphene sheets and its potential for voltage generation.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical investigation of van der Waals friction between graphene and amorphous silicon dioxide (SiO2).
  • Analysis of electric current saturation in graphene under high electric fields.
  • Calculation of frictional drag forces and induced voltages between coupled graphene layers.

Main Results:

  • Van der Waals friction leads to electric current saturation in graphene at high electric fields, consistent with experimental observations.
  • The saturation current exhibits weak temperature dependence, attributed to quantum friction between graphene carriers and substrate optical phonons.
  • Calculated frictional drag between two graphene sheets can generate a readily measurable voltage.

Conclusions:

  • Van der Waals friction is a significant factor influencing graphene's electronic behavior.
  • Quantum friction mechanisms are key to understanding the observed temperature independence of current saturation.
  • Frictional drag in multilayer graphene presents a promising avenue for experimental voltage generation.