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Related Concept Videos

Mechanism of Ciliary Motion01:05

Mechanism of Ciliary Motion

The ciliary structures were first seen in 1647 by Antonie Leeuwenhoek while observing the protozoans. In lower organisms, these appendages are responsible for cell movement, while in higher organisms, these appendages help in the movement of the extracellular fluids within the body cavities.
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Eukaryotic cells have different motor proteins for transporting various cargo within the cell. These motor proteins differ based on the filament they associate with, the direction they move within the cell, and the type of cargo they transport. Motor proteins that associate with microtubules are known as microtubule-associated motor proteins. There are two families of microtubule-associated motor proteins —Kinesins and Dyneins. Both these proteins assist in the transport of cellular cargos...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

High-speed Video Microscopy Analysis for First-line Diagnosis of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
05:32

High-speed Video Microscopy Analysis for First-line Diagnosis of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia

Published on: January 19, 2022

Inner dynein arm defects causing primary ciliary dyskinesia: repeat testing required.

C O'Callaghan1, A Rutman, G M Williams

  • 1Dept of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK. ajb64@le.ac.uk

The European Respiratory Journal
|March 17, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) diagnosis requires reassessment if initially based on a single test. Repeat testing revealed normal results in some patients suspected of inner dynein arm or radial spoke defects.

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Nasal Brushing Sampling and Processing Using Digital High Speed Ciliary Videomicroscopy &ndash; Adaptation for the COVID-19 Pandemic
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Observation of the Ciliary Movement of Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cells Ex Vivo
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Observation of the Ciliary Movement of Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cells Ex Vivo

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Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

High-speed Video Microscopy Analysis for First-line Diagnosis of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
05:32

High-speed Video Microscopy Analysis for First-line Diagnosis of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia

Published on: January 19, 2022

Nasal Brushing Sampling and Processing Using Digital High Speed Ciliary Videomicroscopy &ndash; Adaptation for the COVID-19 Pandemic
09:03

Nasal Brushing Sampling and Processing Using Digital High Speed Ciliary Videomicroscopy – Adaptation for the COVID-19 Pandemic

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Observation of the Ciliary Movement of Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cells Ex Vivo
08:00

Observation of the Ciliary Movement of Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cells Ex Vivo

Published on: July 13, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Cell Biology
  • Diagnostic Pathology

Background:

  • Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) causes chronic respiratory issues like bronchiectasis.
  • Initial diagnostic tests for PCD may suggest specific defects (inner dynein arm, radial spoke) but can be inconclusive.
  • Variability in diagnostic results necessitates careful evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To audit diagnostic testing for PCD over a 3-year period.
  • To evaluate patients initially suspected of inner dynein arm or radial spoke defects.
  • To determine the reliability of initial PCD diagnostic findings.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective audit of PCD diagnostic testing referrals.
  • Electron microscopy (EM) and beat pattern analysis were used for initial and repeat testing.
  • Analysis focused on patients with suspected inner dynein arm or radial spoke defects.

Main Results:

  • 27 patients with suspected PCD (21 inner dynein arm, 6 radial spoke defects) underwent repeat testing.
  • Repeat testing showed normal EM and beat patterns in 6 patients (5 inner dynein arm, 1 radial spoke).
  • These findings questioned the initial PCD diagnoses in affected individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Initial PCD diagnoses based on suspected inner dynein arm or radial spoke defects require careful review.
  • Repeat diagnostic testing is crucial when initial results are based on a single sample.
  • Reassessment of PCD diagnosis is recommended if based solely on initial EM and beat pattern analysis.