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Pregnancy and periodontal tissues
1Department of Stomatology, Slovak Health University, Bratislava, Slovakia. mudrstraka@r3.roburnet.sk
Neuro Endocrinology Letters
|March 17, 2011
Summary
Periodontitis, a bacterial gum disease, poses risks during pregnancy, potentially leading to preterm low birth weight infants. Effective oral hygiene may reduce these adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Oral Health
- Periodontology
- Obstetrics
Background:
- Periodontitis is a destructive inflammatory disease of the periodontal tissues, often caused by bacterial infection.
- Subgingival bacterial biofilms in periodontitis are resistant to standard oral hygiene practices.
- Pregnancy hormones can exacerbate gingivitis and periodontitis due to increased vascular permeability and edema.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the link between periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
- To investigate the role of pro-inflammatory mediators in pregnancy complications associated with periodontitis.
- To assess the potential benefits of improved oral hygiene in mitigating these risks.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing studies on periodontitis and pregnancy.
- Analysis of pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g., PGE2) in the fetoplacental space.
- Correlation of maternal periodontitis with preterm birth and pre-eclampsia.
Main Results:
- Periodontitis can increase systemic inflammation in pregnant women.
- Elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines in the fetoplacental space are linked to premature membrane rupture and preterm delivery.
- Periodontitis is associated with an increased risk of preterm low birth weight infants (PLBWI) and pre-eclampsia.
Conclusions:
- Periodontitis presents significant risks for adverse pregnancy outcomes, including PLBWI.
- Effective professional dental care and personal oral hygiene may decrease the prevalence of PLBWI in mothers with periodontitis.
- Further research is needed to establish definitive causal links and treatment guidelines.
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