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Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Generating Acute and Chronic Experimental Models of Motor Tic Expression in Rats

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Organic catatonia: a review.

¹MD., Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, G S Pant Hospital and Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi.

Indian Journal of Psychiatry

|March 17, 2011

Summary

Catatonia is a syndrome linked to various disorders. This review emphasizes considering organic causes of catatonia first, especially in new cases, to improve patient diagnosis and management.

Area of Science:

Neurology
Psychiatry
Medical Syndromes

Background:

Catatonia is a complex syndrome with diverse associations, often misattributed solely to psychiatric origins.
A historical perspective reveals a tendency to overlook the significant role of medical and neurological conditions in catatonia.
Understanding the full spectrum of catatonia requires acknowledging its potential organic etiologies.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the concept of organic catatonia from a historical viewpoint.
To examine the classification and etiological factors of organic catatonia.
To discuss critical management strategies for organic catatonia.

Main Methods:

Literature review focusing on historical context and etiological factors of catatonia.

Keywords:

Catatonia organic catatonia organic catatonic disorder

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Analysis of psychiatric classifications concerning organic catatonia.

Discussion of clinical management principles for organic catatonia.

Main Results:

Catatonia is frequently associated with a broad range of medical and neurological disorders.
Organic causes of catatonia have historically been underemphasized in clinical practice and classification.
Effective management hinges on recognizing and addressing the underlying organic pathology.

Conclusions:

Organic catatonia should be a primary consideration in all patients presenting with catatonic signs.
Early identification of organic causes is crucial for appropriate and timely intervention.
A comprehensive diagnostic approach is essential for managing catatonia effectively.